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The third theory: human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is ___(填空不寫)in the long historical perspective.?

In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization.
第三個歷史理論同上述兩個理論在某種程度上是不謀而合的。根據這一理論---通常稱為螺旋歷史觀，雖然人類社會的發(fā)展階段是不斷循環(huán)重復的，但從長遠的歷史角度來看其總體進步是顯而易見的。第三個歷史理論支持第二個歷史理論所主張的觀點，即文明會經歷興衰，但是它還認為新的文明往往會征服最初文明并將其取而代之。由于新的文明具備更好的條件使它能夠發(fā)展到一個更高級的階段。然而這個文明仍會繼續(xù)向前發(fā)展直到它衰敗，再被更優(yōu)越的第三種文明取而代之。 翻譯by sugarle