【練習(xí)】

Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1

influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2

a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3

in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4

because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5

completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate　because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6

makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the　process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7

is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be　avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets　rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8

necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9

of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10

that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.

【答案】　　

1. economical－economic

economical的意思是“節(jié)約的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的，省錢的”，而此處應(yīng)選擇economic表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的”。

2. writers－writer

this or that后面應(yīng)接單數(shù)名詞，因?yàn)閺囊馑忌蟻砜磻?yīng)是二選一的，所以是單數(shù)。

3. reinforce－reinforcing

“an effect can become a cause”和“reinforce the original cause”兩個(gè)分句并不是并列的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該說是主句和從句的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該將reinforce變?yōu)?ing形式，這也與后面的“producing the same effect”保持形式上的一致。

4. take^－to

take to 表示“養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，沉湎于”。

5. most－more

all the more 表示“更加”，如：The living room is decorated in pale colors which make it all he more airy.

6. sloven－slovenliness

sloven作名詞表示“懶散的人，散漫的人”，這里顯然語義不對(duì)，所以應(yīng)改為slovenliness表示“懶散，邋遢”。

7. irreversible－reversible

reversible（可逆的），irreversible（不可逆的）如上文所述，語言和思維的關(guān)系是相互影響的；由于我們思想的愚蠢，我們的語言變得丑陋，不準(zhǔn)確；同時(shí)我們的語言的不精確也使我們的思維變得更加愚蠢。所以這個(gè)過程是能倒退的。

8. ^think－to

動(dòng)詞原形本身無法作主語，必須將它變成-ing形式或不定式，由于這里有將要發(fā)生的含義，所以選用不定式 to think。

9. concerning－concern

concern本身既可以做動(dòng)詞也可以作名次。

10. present－presently

presently表示“不久，一會(huì)兒”。present在這里講不通。

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