第五部分 完型填空

(一)完型填空概述和解題技巧
1.各小題有四項答案的完型填空中,只有一項最佳,其余均是干擾性的或迷惑性的。做完型填空時,要注意下列幾個步驟:
第一步,要快速通讀全文,了解文章大意,正確分析、歸納文章主旨。
第二步,在理解文章大意基礎(chǔ)上,對每道題所給的詞語進(jìn)行剖析,考慮語境,上下呼應(yīng),運用邏輯思維進(jìn)行推理,再根據(jù)自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短語、習(xí)慣用語、動詞形式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等,先完成簡單的,把難的留在后面。
第三步,再細(xì)讀全文,集中精力解決難點,填補(bǔ)空缺。
第四步,答題完畢,遵循由整體到局部、由局部到整體的規(guī)律,再耐心通讀全文,認(rèn)真復(fù)查所選答案是否得當(dāng),語法是否正確,邏輯推理是否合理。

2.首字母已給的完型填空比“四選一”的完型填空還要難些。除了掌握上述四步的答題技巧外,還要了解空格所缺詞的詞性,確保語法的正確性,注意數(shù)的變化。在填名詞時,應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章的主題,注意它的單復(fù)數(shù);在填動詞時,要注意它的時態(tài)、語態(tài);在填連詞時,注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系;在填形容詞和副詞時,注意比較級和最高級的用法;在填代詞時,要注意它的性、數(shù)、格是否準(zhǔn)確;在填介詞時,注意它的固定搭配和常用語法特點。

(二)經(jīng)典例題解析

1.根據(jù)上下文的情景確定“意義”上正確的詞
利用上下文信息,選擇或填寫正確的詞是完型填空解題時最常用的方法之一。在做四選一的完型填空時,我們有時會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個選項從語法角度來講都可以說得通,遇到這種情況,我們應(yīng)細(xì)讀上下文,正確答案會在上下文中得到提示。試看以下例題:

[例1]
What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live______ , and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.
A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city
【解析】本段主要講作者回憶兒童時代所居住的地點。從四個選項來看都是可能的,語法上都說得通。但通過下文my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.提示我們可以知道作者生活在農(nóng)村,正確答案選B。

[例2]
1 was making a trip from Paris to London. At a small town near London, I stopped to do some s .As l was going into a very crowded shop. I saw a few young people talk in about something they had just b
【解析】本段主要講作者在倫敦的一個小鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)歷。在第一空格上,由下文a very crowded shop這個詞組可以推斷應(yīng)填shopping,這樣也就很容易判斷第二空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填bought了。

[例3]
I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _______ ,wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.
A. leave the bed in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up
【解析】本段講每天早上媽媽煮的早餐發(fā)出誘人的香味,使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根據(jù)題干,A、C、D均和床有關(guān)聯(lián),但是按上下文情景的提示,此處還要表達(dá)作者的一種迫不及待的心情。因此只能選C。

[例4]
This is a special class. The students come from different c l . Some come from America, others from Germany, France, Japan. Their parents are w 2 in Shanghai.
【解析】這是一個特殊的班級,學(xué)生們來自于不同的地方。根據(jù)下文提到的America,Germany,F(xiàn)rance,Japan,可以判斷第一格指的是國家country,由此也推斷出學(xué)生的父母親目前在上海工作。第二格由于謂語動詞是be動詞,所以這里的時態(tài)為進(jìn)行時,表示目前狀態(tài)。故應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞working。

2.根據(jù)詞匯的辨析和詞組的搭配來解題
在選項中設(shè)置四個詞性一致、意義相近的詞是完型填空命題時常用的手段之一。在做此類題目時,必須要在特定的語境中選擇最佳,或者也可以推敲一些固定的詞組搭配來進(jìn)行選項。在做首字母完型填空時,尤其應(yīng)注意空格所缺單詞的詞性及詞組搭配。

[例1]
On the train, Tom was looking l for his ticket because the conductor was coming __ 2 to his ticket.
1. A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everywhere
2.A. down B. up C. in D. on
【解析】第一空格指Tom在火車上到處找車票,因此選D。everywhere為最佳答案,anywhere常用于否定句和疑問句中。第二空格意為列車員上前查票,走到某人面前come up to sb.為固定詞組搭配,因此選B。

[例2]
After going a diet, a woman f l really good about herself—especially she was a 2 to fit into a pair of jeans.“Look, Look!" She shouted while running downstairs to
show her husband.
【解析】本段落主要講一位女士經(jīng)過減肥后可以穿得上一條牛仔褲,并要演示給她丈夫看的情景。第一格表達(dá)主人公的感覺很好,因此填felt;第二格表達(dá)她能夠穿上牛仔褲了,be able to為固定搭配。

[例3]
A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _________what he means?
A. think B. guess C. know D. understand
【解析】本段講述了一個日本經(jīng)理和他的員工在開會時將都站著。本題問的是你知道他說話的含義嗎。從四個選項看,A和B放人句中意思不通,而C和D兩個答案很接近。D選項強(qiáng)調(diào)理解他的意思,從上文句子看當(dāng)然很好理解這句話講述了什么事。但是其中的含義就不知道了。因此選項C才是最合適的。

[例4]
In March 1982, there was a t drought in Australia. The summer rain didn't fall, and the grass didn't grow. The farmers had to sell all their sheep. Many sheep d of hungry.
【解析】從下句the summer...推斷這是一場嚴(yán)重的干旱,第一空格填terrible。根據(jù)上文提及的嚴(yán)重干旱可以知道由此而導(dǎo)致很多羊死于饑餓,die of是固定詞組,第二空格填died。