(一)動詞概述

動詞是表示人或事物的動作、存在、變化的詞。分析95年至今的中考不難發(fā)現(xiàn),動詞部分主要考查學(xué)生對主動結(jié)構(gòu)中各個時態(tài)的運用。一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時出現(xiàn)的概率較高。而被動語態(tài)主要是考一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時和情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。

(二)基礎(chǔ)知識梳理???

1.動詞的種類???

根據(jù)其詞義和其在謂語中的作用可分為實義動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)其在句子中的功用可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞,連系動詞界于兩者之間。

1)實義動詞:意義完全,能獨立用作謂語。如:enable,watch,run,open等。

2)連系動詞:是一個表示謂語關(guān)系的動詞。它必須在后面接表語(通常為名詞或形容詞)。如:seem,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,turn,be等。

3)助動詞:本身沒有詞匯意義。不能單獨用作謂語。在句中與實義動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。如:do,does,did等。

4)情態(tài)動詞:詞義不完全。在句中不能單獨作謂語,只能與實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。如:can,may,must,need,ought to等。

2.動詞的時態(tài):

??? 時態(tài)

??? 常用的提示語

一般現(xiàn)在時

always,usually,sometimes,often,every,once a week,in the morning,in December,in spring,on Mondays等。

一般過去時

ago,just now,before 2005,yesterday,last Friday,once,the other day,those days,once upon a time,long before等。

一般將來時

tomorrow,the coming... ,in the future,next Tuesday,in two hours,some day,soon,before long,this evening等。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

now,at the moment,look,listen,be quite,these days,still等。

過去進(jìn)行時

this time yesterday,at that time,from 9 to 11 last Friday,when,while等。

現(xiàn)在完成時

since,for,already,yet,just,in the past few years/ months,in the last few weeks/months/days等。

過去完成時

by the end of last term/month/year,by yesterday,by 2004,by last Monday等。

過去將來時

大都出現(xiàn)在主句動詞為一般過去時的賓語從句中。

有些動詞所表示的動作即便在說話時正在進(jìn)行,也不能用進(jìn)行時。這些動詞通常表示情感、想法、感覺或所屬。

表示情感的動詞:like,dislike,love,hate.

表示想法的動詞:believe,know,want,mean,understand,remember.???

表示感覺的動詞:feel,see,hear,taste,smell.

表示所屬的動詞:belong,own,have.

有些動詞常用進(jìn)行時表示將來,如:come,go,leave,arrive。???

3.動詞的被動語態(tài)

英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞。所有的時態(tài)變化在助動詞be上。以動詞sing為例。

時態(tài)/語態(tài)

??? 主動語態(tài)

??? 被動語態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時

Jay sings many songs every year.

Many songs are sung by Jay every year.

一般過去時

Jay sang many songs last year.

Many songs were sung by Jay last year.

一般將來時

Jay will sing/ is going to sing many songs this year.

Many songs will be sung/are going to be sung by Jay this year.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

Jay is singing an English song.

An English song is being sung by Jay.

過去進(jìn)行時

Jay was singing a song just now.

A song was being sung by Jay just now.

現(xiàn)在完成時

Jay has sung lots of songs in the past

few years.

Lots of songs have been sung by Jay in

the past few years.

過去完成時

Jay had sung plenty of songs by last year.

Plenty of songs had been sung by Jay by last year.

過去將來時

Jay said he would sing more songs in the future.

Jay said more songs would be sung in the future.

情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)為:情態(tài)動詞+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞。