【中考英語語法匯總】動詞語法講解
(一)動詞概述
動詞是表示人或事物的動作、存在、變化的詞。分析95年至今的中考不難發(fā)現(xiàn),動詞部分主要考查學(xué)生對主動結(jié)構(gòu)中各個時態(tài)的運用。一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時出現(xiàn)的概率較高。而被動語態(tài)主要是考一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時和情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。
(二)基礎(chǔ)知識梳理???
1.動詞的種類???
根據(jù)其詞義和其在謂語中的作用可分為實義動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)其在句子中的功用可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞,連系動詞界于兩者之間。
1)實義動詞:意義完全,能獨立用作謂語。如:enable,watch,run,open等。
2)連系動詞:是一個表示謂語關(guān)系的動詞。它必須在后面接表語(通常為名詞或形容詞)。如:seem,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,turn,be等。
3)助動詞:本身沒有詞匯意義。不能單獨用作謂語。在句中與實義動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。如:do,does,did等。
4)情態(tài)動詞:詞義不完全。在句中不能單獨作謂語,只能與實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。如:can,may,must,need,ought to等。
2.動詞的時態(tài):
??? 時態(tài) |
??? 常用的提示語 |
一般現(xiàn)在時 |
always,usually,sometimes,often,every,once a week,in the morning,in December,in spring,on Mondays等。 |
一般過去時 |
ago,just now,before 2005,yesterday,last Friday,once,the other day,those days,once upon a time,long before等。 |
一般將來時 |
tomorrow,the coming... ,in the future,next Tuesday,in two hours,some day,soon,before long,this evening等。 |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 |
now,at the moment,look,listen,be quite,these days,still等。 |
過去進(jìn)行時 |
this time yesterday,at that time,from 9 to 11 last Friday,when,while等。 |
現(xiàn)在完成時 |
since,for,already,yet,just,in the past few years/ months,in the last few weeks/months/days等。 |
過去完成時 |
by the end of last term/month/year,by yesterday,by 2004,by last Monday等。 |
過去將來時 |
大都出現(xiàn)在主句動詞為一般過去時的賓語從句中。 |
有些動詞所表示的動作即便在說話時正在進(jìn)行,也不能用進(jìn)行時。這些動詞通常表示情感、想法、感覺或所屬。
表示情感的動詞:like,dislike,love,hate.
表示想法的動詞:believe,know,want,mean,understand,remember.???
表示感覺的動詞:feel,see,hear,taste,smell.
表示所屬的動詞:belong,own,have.
有些動詞常用進(jìn)行時表示將來,如:come,go,leave,arrive。???
3.動詞的被動語態(tài)
英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞。所有的時態(tài)變化在助動詞be上。以動詞sing為例。
時態(tài)/語態(tài) |
??? 主動語態(tài) |
??? 被動語態(tài) |
一般現(xiàn)在時 |
Jay sings many songs every year. |
Many songs are sung by Jay every year. |
一般過去時 |
Jay sang many songs last year. |
Many songs were sung by Jay last year. |
一般將來時 |
Jay will sing/ is going to sing many songs this year. |
Many songs will be sung/are going to be sung by Jay this year. |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 |
Jay is singing an English song. |
An English song is being sung by Jay. |
過去進(jìn)行時 |
Jay was singing a song just now. |
A song was being sung by Jay just now. |
現(xiàn)在完成時 |
Jay has sung lots of songs in the past few years. |
Lots of songs have been sung by Jay in the past few years. |
過去完成時 |
Jay had sung plenty of songs by last year. |
Plenty of songs had been sung by Jay by last year. |
過去將來時 |
Jay said he would sing more songs in the future. |
Jay said more songs would be sung in the future. |
情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)為:情態(tài)動詞+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞。