指示代詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人
例如:(對(duì))That is my teacher.那是我的老師。( that作主語(yǔ),指人)
? ? ? ? (對(duì))He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
? ? ? ? (錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.(this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
? ? ? ? (對(duì))I bought this.我買這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語(yǔ))
That和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人
試比較:(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
? ? ? ? ? ?(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
? ? ? ? ? ?(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.(that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
? ? ? ? ? ?(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
? ? ? ? ? ?(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)