It can be hard enough for college or high school students or recent graduates to find that plum internship or post-graduate job even when they do everything right. If students make crucial mistakes while seeking employment, the process becomes even more complicated.
對(duì)于大學(xué)生、高中生或剛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，即使他們一切都按部就班，要找到稱(chēng)心如意的實(shí)習(xí)或正式工作可能也很難。 要是在求職時(shí)走了誤區(qū)，找工作的過(guò)程就更加復(fù)雜了。
Are you curious about how students and recent graduates are sabotaging their searches and how they can make the right moves to secure their target job?
你是否好奇他們要怎樣才能避免自毀前程，且能在找目標(biāo)工作時(shí)走對(duì)路？
Here are the top 10 job search mistakes high school and college students and graduates can make, plus advice on how to avoid them.
以下列出了包括高中生、大學(xué)生以及畢業(yè)生在求職時(shí)易犯的10個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，并給出了相應(yīng)建議。

1. Too Narrow Geographic Focus
1.求職地域范圍狹窄

Students should certainly prioritize the preferred locations for their jobs/internships based on their personal, social, and professional criteria. However, defining too narrow a geographic area can severely limit possibilities especially if there are few employers in your target industry in that location. Consider opportunities in second and third choice locations as well as your top area if too few opportunities exist in that location.
求職者可以根據(jù)個(gè)人，社會(huì)和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)優(yōu)先選擇工作或?qū)嵙?xí)地點(diǎn)。 然而，過(guò)于狹窄的地域范圍會(huì)減少工作選擇的可能性，特別是當(dāng)選擇區(qū)域內(nèi)鮮有幾家公司和你的求職行業(yè)對(duì)路時(shí)，選擇尤其受限。 所以說(shuō)，如果你求職首選區(qū)域內(nèi)目標(biāo)公司太少，最好增加求職地域范圍的第二和第三選擇。

2. No Career Focus
2. 職業(yè)重心不明確

Students who can't articulate a clear focus in line with the position for which they are applying will often scare off employers. Make sure you have researched your target field and can clearly convey to employers of how it fits your background.
那些不能明確指出自己所申請(qǐng)職位的學(xué)生往往會(huì)讓雇主避而遠(yuǎn)之。請(qǐng)確保已經(jīng)對(duì)你的目標(biāo)行業(yè)有所了解，并明確地向雇主表明自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)背景是與之接軌的。
On the other hand, having too narrow a focus on a field where opportunities are scarce can also pose problems. Investigate alternative routes to your ultimate job and develop plan B and plan C options for careers. It is rare that your first job will end up being in your ultimate career field.
另一方面，對(duì)于機(jī)會(huì)稀缺的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，設(shè)定過(guò)于狹隘的工作崗位選擇也容易產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題。尋求職位選擇的替代方案，同時(shí)制定計(jì)劃B或計(jì)劃C作為替代選擇。很少有人一生只從事同一種職業(yè)。

3. Unwillingness to Start at the Bottom
3. 不愿從底層做起

Students often expect too glamorous a starting point for their career. Carefully research actual starting jobs in your field for individuals with your credentials. Meeting with alumni for informational interviews is an excellent way to do this. You will often hear stories such as how that successful ad executive started her career in the mail room. The key is to get inside an organization of interest, meet the right people and prove your worth.
學(xué)生們通常對(duì)他們的第一份工作要求過(guò)高。仔細(xì)研究你實(shí)際從事行業(yè)有哪些起步的工作，看看和你資歷相同的人在做什么。而與校友會(huì)面以獲取信息是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的途徑。你經(jīng)常會(huì)聽(tīng)到這樣的故事，例如，廣告界主管某某成功人士如何通過(guò)發(fā)郵件創(chuàng)業(yè)了，了解目標(biāo)行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵是要找到合適的帶路人，并證明你的價(jià)值所在。
In certain areas like sports and advertising virtually all entry-level jobs go to individuals with previous internship experience. If you are serious about this type of field make sure you do an internship while in school or even after graduation.
某些行業(yè)會(huì)要求所有的入職人員都有過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，比如運(yùn)動(dòng)和廣告行業(yè)，如果你真打算要從事這類(lèi)行業(yè)，確保在上學(xué)期間或畢業(yè)后先進(jìn)行實(shí)習(xí)。

4. Preoccupation with Salary
4.過(guò)分在意工資

We all want to earn as much as possible in every job we hold but many students make the mistake of setting unreasonable salary expectations for entry-level jobs and internships. Use online resources, consult with professionals in your target field and ask your guidance or career counselor for advice to identify appropriate ranges.
誰(shuí)都希望工作帶來(lái)盡可能多的收入，但許多學(xué)生卻對(duì)于一些初級(jí)的工作或?qū)嵙?xí)機(jī)會(huì)設(shè)定了不合理的預(yù)期薪酬。在設(shè)定預(yù)期薪酬時(shí)，最好利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，咨詢(xún)目標(biāo)行業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士，并向你的職業(yè)顧問(wèn)咨詢(xún)，來(lái)確定合適的范圍。
Factors like the growth potential of your prospective job and the skills you will develop in that position are most often more important than beginning salary when starting your career.
你未來(lái)職位的晉升空間以及你能學(xué)到的技能等因素，通常比起薪更重要。

5. Not Enough Networking
5.社交不廣

Ask any career expert about the most effective strategy for finding work and they will all say "networking". Yet few students are fully engaged with this process. Make sure you use a varied approach to networking by reaching out to alumni, family friends, local professionals and members of professional groups in your field. Ask for information, advice and assistance with your search.
如何最有效地找到滿(mǎn)意工作？試著問(wèn)問(wèn)所有職業(yè)規(guī)劃專(zhuān)家，他們都會(huì)說(shuō)是通過(guò)“社交”渠道。 然而很少有學(xué)生完全做好了這一步。 確保你動(dòng)用了廣泛的社交關(guān)系，無(wú)論是聯(lián)系校友，親戚朋友，還是本地專(zhuān)業(yè)人士或一些專(zhuān)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的成員，向他們咨詢(xún)相關(guān)信息以及幫助建議。

6. Flawed Communications
6.通信漏洞百出

Typos and grammatical errors in your letters / emails will turn off employers right away. Proofread documents carefully and have others review them as well.
無(wú)論是你寄出的求職信還是發(fā)出的電子郵件中，一旦出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)字或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)讓雇主立刻甩到一邊。仔細(xì)校對(duì)要發(fā)出去的文件，并讓其他人幫忙檢查一遍。

7. Insufficient Employer Research
7.對(duì)雇傭單位研究不足

Employers will notice if you haven't done your homework. Make sure you researchthe products, services, accomplishments and challenges of your target organization. Be prepared to articulate why you would be interested in helping the organization to reach its goals.
你有沒(méi)有做足面試前的準(zhǔn)備工作，雇主一試便知。面試前確保你已經(jīng)了解過(guò)應(yīng)聘單位的產(chǎn)品，服務(wù)，成就以及它所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，面試時(shí)他們可能會(huì)問(wèn)你為什么有興趣幫助他們公司達(dá)成目標(biāo)，所以提前準(zhǔn)備好問(wèn)題的答案。
Be ready to share the assets which you will bring to them in order to excel in your target job. Prepare examples of how you have tapped those strengths to successfully carry out past roles and projects.
為了在日后工作中脫穎而出，要做好好分享你的優(yōu)勢(shì)的準(zhǔn)備，這也是你能給公司帶來(lái)的資產(chǎn)。準(zhǔn)備好舉例說(shuō)明你將如何利用這些優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)做好項(xiàng)目并扮演好你的角色。

8. Inadequate Follow Up
8.后續(xù)跟進(jìn)不足

Students often make the mistake of ending communication with the interview. Make sure you write a follow-up letter or email as soon as possible after your meeting. Include a brief summary of why you think the job is an excellent fit after having met with them. Express a strong interest in working there. Lack of enthusiasm is a deal killer with employers at any stage of the process. Re-engage the employer periodically to check on your status and reaffirm your high level of interest.
學(xué)生經(jīng)常犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤，一旦面試結(jié)束就不再和應(yīng)聘單位溝通。確保在面試后盡快寫(xiě)信或發(fā)郵件和用人單位聯(lián)系。你可以總結(jié)一下，為什么面試后你認(rèn)為這個(gè)工作更適合你，強(qiáng)烈表示你想在那里工作的意愿。在任何時(shí)候，缺乏熱情都會(huì)降低你面試成功的幾率。定期地和招聘單位聯(lián)系，核實(shí)一些情況并重申你對(duì)工作的熱忱。

9. Losing Momentum
9.失去動(dòng)力

It is understandable that students will often draw down the intensity of their job search efforts when things look promising with an employer. Backing off your search at the sign of possible success can be a critical error which could set you back for months. Don't ever assume an offer will come through since circumstances can change with that organization. Keep the pedal to the metal until you have secured a definite offer in writing.
當(dāng)某個(gè)應(yīng)聘單位的面試看起來(lái)很有希望時(shí)，通常應(yīng)聘者會(huì)瞬間放松求職搜索，這點(diǎn)可以理解。但在看到一點(diǎn)成功的征兆就放棄其他的職位搜索可能是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)，可能因此會(huì)讓你再拖上幾個(gè)月。由于應(yīng)聘單位的內(nèi)部情況隨時(shí)有可能變化，所以永遠(yuǎn)別只死盯住一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)不放。隨時(shí)上緊發(fā)條，直到得到了以書(shū)面形式的正式錄用通知。

10. Not Fully Tapping Career/Guidance Offices
10.沒(méi)有充分利用校內(nèi)的就業(yè)指導(dǎo)資源

It is amazing how few students fully utilize the resources available at their school'scareer offices?. Trained professional are available to guide you and share job as well as networking leads. Make sure you are fully engaged with these offices right from the beginning of your high school and college career.
幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生充分利用了校內(nèi)就業(yè)指導(dǎo)處的資源。有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的行業(yè)人士完全可以給你提供指導(dǎo)，并分享一些工作機(jī)會(huì)以及社交人脈。確保您在高中和大學(xué)生涯開(kāi)始就與這些就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室打交道。
Hopefully you have learned how to avoid some of the common pitfalls that short circuit student job search and are now more ready to take the positive steps necessary to launch a successful search.
希望你已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何避免求職的一些常見(jiàn)陷阱，以提高求職的成功率。

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。