現(xiàn)在完成進行時的謂語動詞構成?I/?we/?you/?they?have?been?working?he/?she/?it?has?been?working?
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一,有些現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子.
They?have?been?living?in?this?city?for?ten?years.They?have?lived?in?this?city?for?ten?years.他們在這個城市已經(jīng)住了10年了.
I?have?been?working?here?for?five?years.I?have?worked?here?for?five?years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了.
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二,表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,并且還將持續(xù)下去.
The?Chinese?have?been?making?paper?for?two?thousand?years.中國有2000年的造紙歷史.(動作還將繼續(xù)下去)?
I?have?been?learning?English?since?three?years?ago.自從三年前以來我一直在學英語.(動作還將繼續(xù)下去)?
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三,表示在說話時刻之前剛剛結束的動作.
We?have?been?waiting?for?you?for?half?an?hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了.(動作不在繼續(xù)下去)

四,大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子.

I?have?been?writing?a?book.(動作還將繼續(xù)下去)?我一直在寫一本書.

I?have?written?a?book.(動作已經(jīng)完成)?我已經(jīng)寫了一本書.

They?have?been?building?a?bridge.他們一直在造一座橋.

They?have?built?a?bridge.他們造了一座橋.

五,表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時.
I?have?known?him?for?years.我認識他已經(jīng)好幾年了.
I?have?been?knowing...
這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時的動詞還有:love愛,like喜歡,hate討厭,等.比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時?
1)過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響.
2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語.
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,last?week,…ago,in1980,in?October,just?now,
具體的時間狀語?共同的時間狀語:this?morning,tonight,this?April,now,once,before,already,recently,lately?
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語?for,since,so?far,ever,never,just,yet,till?/?until,up?to?now,in?past?years,always
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get?married等.
如:
I?saw?this?film?yesterday.(強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了.)
I?have?seen?this?film.(強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了.)?
Why?did?you?get?up?so?early?(強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了.)
Who?hasn't?handed?in?his?paper?(強調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭.)
She?has?returned?from?Paris.她已從巴黎回來了.
She?returned?yesterday.她是昨天回來了.
He?has?been?in?the?League?for?three?years.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))?He?has?been?a?League?member?for?three?years.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He?joined?the?League?three?years?ago.(?三年前入團,joined為短暫行為.)
?I?have?finished?my?homework?now.---Will?somebody?go?and?get?Dr.White?---He's?already?been?sent?for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如?yesterday,last,week,in?1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時.(錯)Tom?has?written?a?letter?to?his?parents?last?night.(對)Tom?wrote?a?letter?to?his?parents?last?night.