主謂一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分為:語法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.今天著重計(jì)解語法一致的原則。

(一) 語法一致原則:

即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù). 以下為注意事項(xiàng):

1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).

如: Air as well as water is matter.??? 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).

No one except two servants was late for the dinner.?

除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。

2. 用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如:

The poet and writer has come.? 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個(gè)人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools.? 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)

用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

3. 不定式(短語), 動(dòng)名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。

4. 用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.? 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.? 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.

Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.? 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。

5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:

Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。

6. 若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball.???? 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.

More than one student was late.???? 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。

7.? none 做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:

None of us are (is) perfect.?? 人無完人。

None of this worries me.?? 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。

8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:

His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語一般用單數(shù).如:

A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。

9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如: the United States; 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談>; 以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國> 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。