1.用“連詞+分詞”來(lái)替代從句

當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致,謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)又是同時(shí)段發(fā)生,可以把從句的主語(yǔ)省去,變謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞。如果分詞的邏輯或時(shí)間意義不明確,還可以保留連詞。

例1:Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats.

客人們一邊吃蛋糕、喝飲料以及享用其它的食品,一邊卻在一起聊天。

例2:While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.?

雖然美國(guó)人譴責(zé)希特勒的暴行,但是他們卻一慣奉行孤立政策和中立態(tài)度。

例3:Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped in a mold.

注:如果從句的謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞be,在簡(jiǎn)化句型時(shí)應(yīng)該把be動(dòng)詞改成being,但是由于being語(yǔ)義意義,所以可以省略,這樣就造成了形容詞作狀語(yǔ)了。

例1:These apples, when ripe, are picked.?

這些蘋果一旦熟了就要被摘下來(lái)。

例2:She knows all the hazards of smoking while pregnant.?

她知道懷孕時(shí)吸煙的一切危害性。

2.?用“介詞+分詞”來(lái)替代從句

一般說(shuō)來(lái),用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。on后面常接“來(lái)、去”之類的詞,at后面常接“聽(tīng)到、看到”之類的詞。in后面接其他帶動(dòng)作的詞,相對(duì)于從屬連詞“while”。

例1:On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals had covered them.??

當(dāng)他把晶體揭開(kāi)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)盤子上方霧蒙蒙,他吃了一驚。

例2:In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.

我在跑下樓的時(shí)候,聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鐘敲了十二下。

例3:He jumped with joy at hearing the news.?

他一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息就高興得跳了起來(lái)。

3.?用“介詞+動(dòng)作性名詞”來(lái)替代從句

同上面一樣,At基本上后接sound,sight“聽(tīng)到、看到”之類的詞;on接“回來(lái)、到達(dá)”之類的詞;用in,during表示“when, while”;用over表示“while”之意。當(dāng)然,這一切都是相對(duì)的分類。

例1:The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.?

小女孩一看到蛇就昏過(guò)去了。

例2:In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.?

當(dāng)我們急急忙忙從這兒到那兒的時(shí)候,一路上什么也沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)。

例3:On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.?

當(dāng)他到達(dá)火車站的時(shí)候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。

例4:He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.

他本來(lái)想去,但進(jìn)一步考慮后,打消了這個(gè)念頭。

例5:During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?

在我不在的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)幫我照看一下貓,好嗎?

例6:He fell asleep over a book.?

他看書的時(shí)候睡著了。

例7:After reelection he announces that he will not help.?

經(jīng)過(guò)一番考慮后,他宣布將不提供任何幫助。

例8:After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.

?畢業(yè)之后,他去了美國(guó)攻讀博士。

4.?用“并列句”代替

例句:Two other poses were tried and I emerged from the booth to find a lot people waiting for my signatures.

又試了兩個(gè)其他的姿勢(shì)后,我從拍照亭里出來(lái),發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人在那里等待我的簽名。