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? ? ? 語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：We speak Chinese in China.在中國(guó)我們說漢語(yǔ)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如：Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中國(guó)漢語(yǔ)被我們說。

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使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題

1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 　

What will happen in 100 years. 　　

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

This pen writes well. 　

This new book sells well.

3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。 　　

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 　　

? ? ? see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something 　　

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.?

4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。 　　

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 　　

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.