同位語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析
一、同位語(yǔ)從句指的是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句,屬于名詞性從句的范疇,同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常為answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名詞。例如:
1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.
他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過(guò)。
2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.
我不知道他們?cè)谀睦锒燃佟?br>
3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.
誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作的問(wèn)題需要考慮。
4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.
他會(huì)再來(lái)這里, 這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。
5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.
他被是否接受他們的禮物這個(gè)疑慮所折磨著。
二、掌握同位語(yǔ)從句的用法要注意以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1. 同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面, 而是被別的詞隔開(kāi), 以使得整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他從瑪麗那里獲知了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯賽因已被捕的消息傳來(lái)。
2. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似,但是,同位語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于名詞的作用,而定于從句相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用,同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞性成分加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞加以限制或修飾、說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)特定的句子成分(that在其引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ),充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)的that經(jīng)常可被省略)。例如:
1) We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.
我們解決不了如何才能超過(guò)光的速度這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
(how引導(dǎo)的從句表示其前面的名詞the problem的具體內(nèi)容, 屬于同位語(yǔ)從句)
2)I can’t remember the problem that they have.
我記不得他們的問(wèn)題了。(引導(dǎo)詞that就是that引導(dǎo)的從句中have的賓語(yǔ), the problem的具體內(nèi)容也沒(méi)有得到說(shuō)明, 故本句中that引導(dǎo)的從句是修飾problem的定語(yǔ)從句)
3)I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.
我不愿相信他對(duì)母親撒謊的事實(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)fact的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說(shuō)明, that在其中不充當(dāng)具體的句子成分)
4)I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.
我不愿相信他告訴我的事實(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)fact進(jìn)行限定, that在該從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))
5) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告訴我的消息是湯姆來(lái)年將出國(guó)。(句中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句限定先行詞news, 第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)
6)We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。
7)We have no idea at all where he has gone.
我們根本不知道他去哪里了。(where引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明idea的具體內(nèi)容)
8)But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題:“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿幔俊?/p>