賓語從句需要注意的幾點(diǎn)
名詞性從句中,賓語從句是我們經(jīng)常遇到的,在考試中也是重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)的題型,在賓語從句中,需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)。例如:
1. 賓語從句中that 在口語中常被省略,但在正式的文體中,不能省;并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句,但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如:
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei.
我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill.
只要我身體舒服,我愿做任何事情來幫助你。
2. 賓語從句之后帶有補(bǔ)足語成分時(shí),一般須用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句放到句末,此時(shí)的that不能省。如:
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys.
那個(gè)男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 動(dòng)詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣,即:(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock.
他要求我們?cè)诰劈c(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那兒。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time.
老師勸告我們不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
4. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。
1)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)表示。如:
He always says that he is our good friend.
他總是說他是我們的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時(shí),他會(huì)說我們做了一件好事。
2)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。如:
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai.
他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。
He said he had read the book.
他說他讀過這本書。
3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí),而不受時(shí)間的限制時(shí),即使主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers.
毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world.
我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。
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