一、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
如: We clean the classroom. 我們打掃教室。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,叫被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
如:The classroom is cleaned (by us). 教室被(我們)打掃。
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:
助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+(by+賓語(yǔ))其中by意為“被??;由??”,表動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 如:The glass is broken by that boy.
玻璃杯是那個(gè)男孩打破的。
be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其肯定式、否定式、疑問(wèn)式的變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。
如:English is widely spoken around the world. (肯定式)
English is not widely spoken around the world. (否定式)
Is English widely spoken around the world? (疑問(wèn)式)
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法:
在沒(méi)有指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情況下可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:This coat is made of cotton.這件大衣是棉制的。 ·要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如:Her bike is stolen.她的自行車(chē)被偷了。
四、主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換:
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(+其它)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+賓語(yǔ)(+其它)
注意:
1. 主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)互轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,但有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是代詞的主格形式,變成被動(dòng)態(tài)by的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用賓格形式。主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞的賓格形式,變成被動(dòng)時(shí),要轉(zhuǎn)換為主格。如:
(1)People grow rice in the south.
(2)Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(3) She takes care of the baby.
(4)The baby is taken care of (by her).
2.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 +(by+賓語(yǔ)) 如:
The work can be done.
這項(xiàng)工作很容易做。
Other planets may be visited in the future.
將來(lái)其他的星球也會(huì)有人登陸。
3.主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如果是不帶to的不定式,在變被動(dòng)句時(shí),要加上to .使役動(dòng)詞make/ have/ let sb do sth 及感官動(dòng)詞see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth 如:
they heard a girl sing in the next room (by them).
五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+ am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 +(by+人代賓格 )+ 其他
eg .English is studied (by us ) every day.
否定句::主語(yǔ)+ am / is / are + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 +(by+人代賓格 )+ 其他
eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day.
疑問(wèn)句:Is English not studied (by us ) every day.?
特殊疑問(wèn)句:What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ 其他?