一、定語從句基本概念
定語從句通常在英語復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的作用,在簡單句中,定語往往用來修飾代詞、名詞或名詞性短語,例:
Tom is a handsome boy. Tom是個(gè)英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy. 有個(gè)乖男孩。
將以上的兩句轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句則為:
Tom is the boy who is handsome.
There is a boy who is good.
二、定語從句中兩大要素
了解了定語的作用之后,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入定語從句的正式學(xué)習(xí)。想要辨別定語從句,必須了解定語從句的兩大要素:關(guān)系代詞(或關(guān)系副詞)、先行詞。
本節(jié)重點(diǎn)講解由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,下一節(jié)將為大家?guī)黻P(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
首先為大家簡單例舉一個(gè)定語從句。
He is a good person who would like to help anyone. 他是一個(gè)好人,肯幫助任何人。
其中person就是先行詞,who則為關(guān)系代詞
who是用來指代這個(gè)先行詞person,因此稱為關(guān)系代詞。此外,who只能做“人”關(guān)系代詞,比如boy、girl、people等。
除了who之外,關(guān)系代詞還有whom、whose、which、that
其中,值得注意的是,當(dāng)定語從句修飾一個(gè)“人”時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞必須了解先行詞在從句中的位置才能做出決定,我們可以用拆分復(fù)合句的方法來判斷。例:?
1.He is a good person who would like to help anyone. 他是一個(gè)好人,肯幫助任何人。
拆分后:
He is a good person.
The person would like to help anyone.
拆分后可以發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞在第二句中做主語,因此用who.
2.He is the man whom I met yesterday.
拆分后:
He is the man.
I met the man yesterday.
拆分后可以發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞在第二句中做賓語,因此用whom.
當(dāng)需要使用修飾“物”的關(guān)系代詞時(shí),例句是這樣的:
1.This is a car which(that) is red.
拆分后:
This is a car.
The car is red
拆分后發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞在第二句中做主語.
2.This is the book which you gave me yesterday.
拆分后:
This is the book.
You gave me the book yesterday
拆分后發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞在第二句中做賓語
3.This is the room in which you were born.
拆分后:
This is the room.
You were born in the room
拆分后發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞在第二句中做賓語。特別注意,當(dāng)?shù)诙渲袆釉~之后跟一個(gè)介詞,在寫定語從句時(shí)必須把介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。
最后一個(gè),當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞要指代“人”或“物”的所有格(屬格)時(shí),例句是這樣的:
This is the bike whose brake was damaged(the brake of which was damaged) 這輛自行車的剎車壞了。
拆分后:
This is the bike.
The bike‘s brake was damaged.或The brake of the bike was damaged.
先行詞The bike在第二句中做定語,什么的剎車壞了?The bike的剎車壞了。修飾這個(gè)剎車(the brake)