英語(yǔ)中主謂一致是指句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。在做涉及主謂一致的練習(xí)時(shí)，同學(xué)們有時(shí)會(huì)覺(jué)得顧此失彼。究其原因，往往是沒(méi)有把握住主語(yǔ)的真正內(nèi)涵，考慮不周全。今天小編為大家整理了主謂一致原則的相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，快來(lái)看一下吧。

主謂一致有許多原則，概括起來(lái)不外乎三種一致原則，即語(yǔ)法形式一致，概念一致（語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容上一致），毗鄰一致（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和緊位于其前的主語(yǔ)一致）。

1. 語(yǔ)法形式一致

（1）單數(shù)主語(yǔ)、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及句子作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)，用and或both…and連接的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

1) The performance was very funny.

2) Serving the people is my great happiness.

3) Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.

4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce.

5) Both you and I are　students.

6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.

注1：在what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，如果主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：

What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion.

注2：修飾語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)不起影響。

例如：

The performance of the first three clowns was very funny.

（2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語(yǔ)后面，不能看作是并列主語(yǔ)，該主語(yǔ)不受這些詞組引導(dǎo)的插入語(yǔ)的影響，主語(yǔ)如是單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)形式。

例如：

1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office.

2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.

3) His sister no less than you is wrong.

4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.

注：有時(shí)在with結(jié)構(gòu)里，加上both之后，with就具有and含義。例如：

Grandpa Wang with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park.

(3)有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它們?cè)诰渥又凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管在意義上是多數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。

例如：

1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (兩人都不喜歡對(duì)方的朋友。)

2) Everything around us is matter. (我們周?chē)乃袞|西都是物質(zhì)。)

(4)在neither of與either of的結(jié)構(gòu)里，一般語(yǔ)法書(shū)都認(rèn)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在美國(guó)的TOEFL考試內(nèi)要求用單數(shù)形式。

例如：

1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.

2) Has either of them been seen recently?

(5)當(dāng)and連結(jié)的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一個(gè)人或同一件事，and后的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；在and后面的名詞前有冠詞，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早飯供應(yīng)黃油面包。)

2)The bread and the butter are on sale. (正在出售黃油和面包。)

（6）當(dāng)one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

1)One of those students has passed the examination.

2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.

(7)form of, type of, kind of 結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)視form, type與kind的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.these/those kind/type of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：

1) The kind of books an author writes depends on the kind of man who he is.

2) Some new types of cars are now on show.

3)These kind of recorders are good.

(8)由one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。

例如：

One and a half apples is left on the plate.

(9) 由the majority of + 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。例如：

1) The majority of the damage is easy to repair.

2) The majority of criminals are non-violent.

（10）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)只用單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)視可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：

1）Half of this building is to be completed by spring.

2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely.

3）There is plenty of water in the pail.

4）There are plenty of eggs in the box.

注：當(dāng)名詞前有其他量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常取決于量詞。例如：

1）Row upon row of soldiers is marching towards us on the field.

2）A body of volunteers has been organized to aid the helpless in their struggle for survival.

（11）由all of, most of, a lot of, some of, none of, plenty of , the rest 等 + 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式應(yīng)與名詞一致。

例如：

1）None of the books satisfy the students.

2）None of this meat is fit to eat.

3）All of the research work was designed by the chief engineer.

（12）由more than one (或more than one + 單數(shù)名詞)，many a + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

例如：

1）More than one student has passed the examination.

2）Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.

注：如果more than后面是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：More than two hundred students have attended the lecture.

（13）quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式; quantities of + 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：

1）Great quantities of milk are needed in this city.

2）There is a large quantity of milk.

（14）如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：

1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed.

2）Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.

（15）定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與先行詞一致。

例如：

1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.

2）“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.

注：當(dāng)one之前有the only等限定詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

例如：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.

一致原則在主謂一致中占有很大的比重，在語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中，我們不僅要記住一般的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，更要把握好有些名詞的內(nèi)在涵義，才能做好有關(guān)主謂一致的題目?！　?/p>