在托福這個部分，GTER的學(xué)術(shù)性一直是為業(yè)界所肯定的，原創(chuàng)佳帖頻出！近日，偶得一篇上品之帖，送與各位考友共品，但是也許是由于精力有限或者成稿倉促的原因，原作者對于新增題型列舉的不全，同時也沒有給出例子，為了讓這篇文章更加的飽滿，無老師將文中所提題型一一列出，好讓各位考友有一個直觀的感受。

“新題型”這幾個字，在ETS一直都是諱莫如深的，因為一個權(quán)威的考試機(jī)構(gòu)，必須要保持出題的一致性和連貫性，不能夠有所變化。但是，“新題型”這幾個字卻又是常見的，因為中國眾多的托福培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)，都抓住了人們對于托?？荚嚥荒荛L時間關(guān)注這一點，胡吹猛砍，期望博得眼球與關(guān)注。但是實際上，可以說在中國大陸，幾乎所有的對于“新題型”三個字的解釋都是滿嘴胡言，不得要領(lǐng)。今天這篇文章，無老師就為各位考友，一次性完全起底“新題型”，也就是OG官方指南之中沒有提到的所有題型?。ㄎ恼轮鞲蓙碓从贕TER帖子《【反襯】與TPO對比，從閱讀角度再論托福OG的邪惡性》，再次說明。）

為了給各位一個更清晰的認(rèn)識，無老師這里必須說，其實這些新題型并不是進(jìn)入2009年，2010年以或者是2011年新出現(xiàn)的題型。這些題型其實是新托?？荚囎詮恼Q生之日起，就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了的題型，但是由于ETS的官方指南一直沒有將這部分題型列入其中，因此是等到“新托福突破口——TPO”出現(xiàn)之后，才慢慢被人們知曉的，在這之前，只有傳言，但是都是捕風(fēng)捉影。話不多說，妙文開始！

托福OG列出了閱讀的10種題型：
1. Factual information questions (純粹細(xì)節(jié))
2. Negative factual information questions (否定細(xì)節(jié))
3. Inference questions (推理題)
4. Rhetorical purpose questions (修辭目的題)
5. Vocabulary questions (詞匯題)
6. Reference questions (指代題)
7. Sentence simplification questions (句子簡化題)
8. Insert text question (句子插入題)
9. Prose summary (內(nèi)容摘要題)
10. Fill in a table (表格歸類題)
但實際上，考試當(dāng)中還考了一些OG中沒列舉出來的題目

一.段間關(guān)系概括題：這種題目要求考生概括出2個自然段間的邏輯關(guān)系。比如說《THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION》這篇文章的第6題。
6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph2 and Paragraph3?
A. Paragraph2 puts forward several scientific claims, one of which is rejected in Paragraph3
B. Paragraph2 poses several questions, and Paragraph3offers a possible answer to one of them
C. Paragraph2 presents outdated traditional views, while Paragraph3presents the current scientific conclusions.
D. Paragraph2 introduces a generalization that is illustrated by specific examples in Paragraph3

二.修辭手法題：這種題目是修辭目的的變體。OG中大多數(shù)題目只考察一個詞組的修辭目的，而實際考試會對一句話甚至整段話的修辭目的進(jìn)行考察。一個是考修辭對象，一個是考修辭的手段。比如說，《Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction》這篇文章第2題：
2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?
A. To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record
B. To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous
C. To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous
D. To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster

三.段落結(jié)構(gòu)題：這里題目考查的是文章段落的構(gòu)架，可以算是新題型。比如：《THE ORIGINS OF THEATER》這篇文章的第9題，
9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?
A. The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.
B. The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.
C. The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.
D. The author points out problems with two popular theories.

四. 段落主題題：這種題目考查的是整個段落的主題，可以說是老托福段落主題題的延續(xù)：
比如《Petroleum Resources》這篇文章的12題：
12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to
A. Provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment
B. Describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress
C. Give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment
D. Explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills

五. 雙選題：其實不僅僅在聽力考試之中有雙選題，閱讀考試之中也是有雙選題的，只是ETS有可能覺得這點并不重要，因此沒有通知偶們，例子請見：《The Geologic History of the Mediterranean》這篇文章第5題。
5. Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit you must select TWO answers.
A. Volcanic rock fragments.
B. This silt layers
C. Soft, deep-sea mud
D. Crystalline salt
以及《THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACAN》這篇文章第11題：
11. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.
A. The prosperity of the elite
B. Plenty of available housing
C. Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employment
D. The presence of one or more religious shrines

除此以外，OG對于考試題型的呈現(xiàn)方法也與真實考試有一定距離，如：
一.細(xì)節(jié)題的閱讀跨度：OG中大多數(shù)題目只考一段，但是實際考試會有一道題目考2段、甚至是3段的情況。比如《GROUNDWATER》這篇文章的第10題：
10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?
A. It is unusually solid
B. It often has high porosity.
C. It has a low proportion of empty space.
D. It is highly permeable.

二.句子改寫題的句子復(fù)雜性：真實考題比OG中的句子改寫題要長很多，而且邏輯關(guān)系也更復(fù)雜。

三.指代題：OG指代題考得不少，真實考試指代題考得很少。

四.選項長度:真題的選項長度長很多。

五.細(xì)節(jié)題題干關(guān)鍵字沒有在原文直接給出。這讓考生定位細(xì)節(jié)難度大幅度增加。不過說句公道話，其實在老托?？荚嚲鸵呀?jīng)這樣了，并不是在新托福考試之中獨有的。比如《Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer》這篇文章的第11題。
11．Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?
A. Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.
B. Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.
C. Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.
D. Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.

六. 文章的復(fù)雜程度：這個也不用說了，OG的文章結(jié)構(gòu)性非常明顯，就好像看CCAV的新聞聯(lián)播一樣；真實考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu)糾結(jié)多了，就好像看本屆世界杯一樣。比如：《The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems》和《Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast》這兩篇文章，保證讓你看的欲仙欲死！