演講技巧
1.做好演講的準(zhǔn)備
包括了解聽眾，熟悉主題和內(nèi)容，搜集素材和資料，準(zhǔn)備演講稿，作適當(dāng)?shù)难菥毜取?/p>
2.選擇優(yōu)秀的演講者
優(yōu)秀的演講者包括下述條件：
（1）足夠的權(quán)威性；
（2）演講者具有較強(qiáng)的語音能力和技巧：
（3）演講者的熱情；
（4）演講者的理智與智慧；
（5）演講者的儀表狀態(tài)
3.運(yùn)用演講藝術(shù)
包括開場白的藝術(shù)，結(jié)尾的藝術(shù)，立論的藝術(shù)，舉例的藝術(shù)，反駁的藝術(shù)，幽默的藝術(shù)，鼓動(dòng)的藝術(shù)，語音的藝術(shù)，表情動(dòng)作的藝術(shù)等等，通過運(yùn)用各種演講藝術(shù)，使演講具備兩種力量：邏輯的力量和藝術(shù)的力量。
4.何謂善用空間的演講
所謂空間就是指進(jìn)行演說的場所范圍、演講者所在之處以及與聽眾間的距離等等。演說者所在之處以位居聽眾注意力容易匯集的地方最為理想。例如開會(huì)的時(shí)候、主席多半位居會(huì)議桌的上方、因?yàn)樵撎幷亲钊菀讌R集出席者注意力的地方。
反之，如果主席位居會(huì)議桌之正中央，則會(huì)議的進(jìn)行情況會(huì)變?nèi)绾文?？恐怕?huì)使出席者注意力散漫了，且有會(huì)議冗長不休的感覺？因此，讓自己位居聽眾注意力容易匯集之處，不但能夠提升聽眾對(duì)于演講的關(guān)注，甚至具有增強(qiáng)演說者信賴度權(quán)威感的效果。
5.演講時(shí)的姿勢(shì)如何
演說時(shí)的姿勢(shì)（posture）也會(huì)帶給聽眾某種印象，例如堂堂正正的印象或者畏畏縮縮的印象。雖然個(gè)人的性格與平日的習(xí)慣對(duì)此影響頗巨，不過一般而言仍有方便演講的姿勢(shì)，即所謂“輕松的姿勢(shì)”。要讓身體放松，反過來說就是不要過度緊張。過度的緊張不但會(huì)表現(xiàn)出笨拙僵硬的姿勢(shì)，而且對(duì)于舌頭的動(dòng)作也會(huì)造成不良的影響。
決竅之一是張開雙腳與肩同寬，挺穩(wěn)整個(gè)身軀。另一個(gè)決竅是想辦法擴(kuò)散并減輕施加在身體上的緊張情緒。例如將一只手稍微插入口袋中，或者手觸桌邊、或者手握麥克風(fēng)等等。
6.演講時(shí)的視線
在大眾面前說話，亦即表示必須忍受眾目睽睽的注視。當(dāng)然，并非每位聽眾都會(huì)對(duì)你報(bào)以善意的眼光。盡管如此，你還是不可以漠視聽眾的眼光，避開聽眾的視線來說話。尤其當(dāng)你走到麥克風(fēng)旁邊站立在大眾面前的那一瞬間，來自聽眾的視線有時(shí)甚至?xí)屇阌X得刺痛。
克服這股視線壓力的秘決，就是一面進(jìn)行演講；一面從聽眾當(dāng)中找尋對(duì)于自己投以善意而溫柔眼光的人。并且無視于那些冷淡的眼光。此外，把自己的視線投向強(qiáng)烈“點(diǎn)頭”以示首肯的人，對(duì)鞏固信心來進(jìn)行演說也具有效果。
7.演講時(shí)的臉部表情
演講時(shí)的臉部表情無論好壞都會(huì)帶給聽眾極其深刻的印象。緊張、疲勞、喜悅、焦慮、等情緒無不清楚地表露在臉上，這是很難藉由本人的意志來加以控制的。演講的內(nèi)容即使再精彩，如果表情總覺缺乏自信，老是畏畏縮縮，演講就很容易變得欠缺說服力。
控制臉部的方法，首先“不可垂頭”。人一旦“垂頭”就會(huì)予人“喪氣”之感，而且若視線不能與聽眾接觸，就難以吸引聽眾的注意。另一個(gè)方法是“緩慢說話”。說話速度一旦緩慢，情緒即可穩(wěn)定，臉部表情也得以放松,再者，全身上下也能夠?yàn)橹┤蛔匀羝饋怼?/p>
8.有關(guān)服飾和發(fā)型
服裝也會(huì)帶給觀眾各種印象。尤其是東方男性總是喜歡穿著灰色或者藍(lán)色系列的服裝，難免給人過于刻板無趣印象。輕松的場合不妨穿著稍微花俏一點(diǎn)的服裝來參加。不過如果是正式的場合，一般來說仍以深色西服、男士無尾晚宴服（tuxedo)、以及燕尾服為宜。其次，發(fā)型也可塑造出各種形象來。長發(fā)和光頭各自蘊(yùn)含其強(qiáng)烈的形象，而鬢角的長短也被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人喜好的表征。站出來演講之際，你的服裝、究竟帶給對(duì)方何種印象？希望各位好好地思量一番。
9.聲音和腔調(diào)
聲音和腔調(diào)乃是與生俱來的，不可能一朝一夕之間有所改善。不過音質(zhì)與措詞對(duì)于整個(gè)演說影響頗巨，這倒是事實(shí)。根據(jù)某項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告指出聲音低沉的男性比聲音高亢的男性，其信賴度較高。因?yàn)槁曇舻统習(xí)屓擞蟹N威嚴(yán)沉著的感覺。盡管如此，各位還是不可能馬上就改變自己的聲音?？傊匾氖亲屪约旱穆曇羟宄貍鬟_(dá)給聽眾。即使是音質(zhì)不好的人，如果能夠稟持自己的主張與信念的話，依舊可以吸引聽眾的熱切關(guān)注。
說話的速度也是演講的要素。為了營造沉著的氣氛，說話稍微慢點(diǎn)是很重要。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大致為5分鐘三張左右的A4原稿，不過，此地要注意的是，倘若從頭至尾一直以相同的速度來進(jìn)行，聽眾會(huì)睡覺的。
FIVE SPEECH STARTING DOs（5要）
1. Use physical activity to get the audience's attention. A theme related physical activity can also help the audience generate a visual image of your topic. Often you can draw on that later in the speech. A speech on the importance of exercise could open with jumping jacks. A speech on child abuse could open with the speaker striking an object with great force.
2. Make a startling statement or present a startling statistic. "Government officials in the United States have murdered 23 American citizens!" might open a speech opposing the death penalty. This type of opening can create a feeling of suspense and anticipation of the statement's justification.
3. Tell a theme related joke. Humor isn't for everyone and it's a little risky if you aren't familiar with the audience, but nothing wins audiences over as much as a good laugh.
4. Provide an apt quotation. In addition to framing the theme of the speech, you can generate credibility by demonstrating that you are familiar enough with the topic literature to have found such an appropriate quotation.
5. Relate a relevant story. Most people give only a few formal public speeches in their lives, yet we all tell stories every day. Telling a story can be a comfortable and natural way to generate momentum for the rest of the speech.
FIVE SPEECH STARTING DON'Ts（5不要）
1. Begin with "Hi, my name is" The sentences most likely to be remembered by the audience are the very first and the very last sentences you utter. Don't throw away the opportunity to do something meaningful in the opening line.
2. Make a false start. Avoid apologies and tentative statements that can put your credibility in question. Some typical phrases to avoid are: "Well, here goes," "Where shall I start?" and "Can you hear me OK in the back?"
3. Use a rhetorical question. Typically they result in an awkward moment. Because the audience is unsure if a response is really desired by the speaker. This can erode your confidence.
4. Go overboard. You want to be creative and innovative in attracting audience attention, but your opening should be consistent with your personality and with the tone of the rest of the speech.
5. Fail to consider how you'll get to the podium. Speaking areas are often crowded and nothing destroys your credibility like tripping on the way to the front of your audience. This happens to someone famous every year!
