2016年6月英語四級翻譯技巧二
四六級翻譯中最常用到的就是分句法與合句法,下面我們重點來講解一下這兩個方法。
很多情況下,翻譯句子的時候,需要調(diào)整原來的句子結(jié)構(gòu),分句法和合句法是調(diào)整原文句子的兩種重要的方法。
所謂分句法就是把原文的一個簡單句譯為兩個或兩個以上的句子。
所謂合句法就是把原文兩個或兩個以上的簡單句或一個復(fù)合句譯成一個單句。
7、合句法
把漢語內(nèi)容關(guān)系密切的兩個句子甚至更多句子合譯為英語的一句就是合句譯法。翻譯時,既可以合譯為一個主從句,也可合譯為成分較為復(fù)雜(如包含非謂語動詞等)的簡單句。其優(yōu)點在于不僅用詞不多,而且句子顯得流暢。合句譯法的方法主要有:
(1)在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處合譯
[例] 每去一次,我的藥量就減少一些,最后醫(yī)生告訴我說,不必再服藥了。
With each visit,the dose of medicine prescribed to me would be progressively reduced until the time came when the doctor said that 1 would no longer need them.
這句話的后半部分表示的是結(jié)果,在翻譯時用一個定語從句the time came when the doctor said thatIwould no longer need them將其連接起來。
(2)按內(nèi)容連貫合譯
[例] 老年人有長處,但也有很大的弱點,老年人容易固執(zhí),因此老年人也要有點自覺性。
Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses--they tend to be stubborn,for example--and they should be aware of that.
原文的幾個短旬可被分為兩個部分,后面一部分補充說明前面一部分的“弱點”。使用破折號可以簡單明了地表達出補充說明的關(guān)系。
(3)從主語變換處合譯
[例] 不注意眼睛的休息,長時間近距離用眼或長期的不正確姿勢,會使人眼處于視疲勞狀態(tài),進而形成近視眼。
If they are used for a long time without rest,or kept close to the object or with your body in an improper posture,your eyes will be in a state of visual fatigue,which will gradually lead to nearsightedness.
8、分句法
漢譯英時,需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長句,或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個長句,就會使譯文冗長、累贅、意思表達不清楚,也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯,則會使譯文簡潔、易懂、層次分明。
(1)從主語變換處斷句
[例] 與會者對這個問題的觀點差別太大,以致發(fā)生了爭吵,一時會場的氣氛緊張起來。
The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.
(2)從關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如轉(zhuǎn)折處)斷句
[例] 昨天出了好幾起交通事故,或許是因為有大霧的緣故吧!
There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe because of the heavy fog.
(3)從意義完整、獨立處斷句
[例] 一轉(zhuǎn)眼,20年就這樣過去了,回首往事,是幸福,還是惆悵,恐怕連自己也難以搞清。
Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back,I’m afraid that we won’t know what we can find in the past,happiness or sadness
(4)原文出現(xiàn)總說或分述時要斷句
[例] 我們恢復(fù)和采取這些貿(mào)易方式的原因很簡單:因為我們出口商品就是為了我們國外客戶的需要。
The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.
Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.
(5)為了強調(diào)語氣而采用斷句
[例]?我們主張對我國神圣領(lǐng)土臺灣實行和平統(tǒng)一,有關(guān)的政策,也是眾所周知和不會改變的,并且正在深入全中華民族的心坎。
We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.