Passage 2 開放性創(chuàng)新

Recently there has been growing attention to the concept of open innovation, both among research institutions and business community. What is open innovation? ?This is what I am going to address at today's forum.? As new start-up companies enter the market in large number, existing companies have to work harder to retain customers, so, what is the answer for companies feeling the pressure?? It is a new business model, whereby companies use external technology, solutions, and knowledge from start-ups, universities, and other research organizations early in their innovation process. This concept allows companies to bring in new ideas quickly, to enhance their competitiveness. It can also save time and money.

最近，無論是研究機(jī)構(gòu)還是商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，人們越來越關(guān)心開放創(chuàng)新這一理念。我今天在這一論壇上談?wù)摰恼沁@一話題，隨著新興企業(yè)大量進(jìn)入市場，現(xiàn)有的企業(yè)需要更加努力，以便留住他們的客戶，因此，這些處于壓力之下的公司應(yīng)該做出什么樣的回應(yīng)?開放創(chuàng)新是一種新的商業(yè)模式，公司從創(chuàng)新企業(yè)，大學(xué)以及其他研究機(jī)構(gòu)處得到外部技術(shù)、解決方案、以及知識并加以使用。這一理念，有利于公司更快地利用全新的概念加強(qiáng)自身競爭力，同時可以節(jié)約時間和開支。

點評：

It is a new business model, whereby companies use external technology, solutions, and knowledge from start-ups, universities, and other research organizations early in their innovation process.

注意這種句子當(dāng)中的，關(guān)系副詞比較少見，學(xué)生在日常當(dāng)中要注意之類的關(guān)系副詞，比如，thereafter, whereas, thereby, whence, notwithstanding, nonetheless等等，以免在聽的過程當(dāng)中，失去方向.

This concept is open innovation, which means shifting from a model of closed innovation, toward a more open way of innovating. Traditionally, new business development processes and the creating of a new product took place within the boundary of company itself.? However, several factors have weakened the closed innovation. First of all, the mobility of highly educated company employees has increased over the years, as a result large amounts of new knowledge and expertise exist on the open market. When employees get jobs in other companies, they take their knowledge with them. And this enables knowledge to flow between companies.

這一理念就是開放創(chuàng)新，意味著從舊有的封閉創(chuàng)新模式轉(zhuǎn)向一種更為開放的創(chuàng)新模式。傳統(tǒng)上新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程以及創(chuàng)造新產(chǎn)品，一般都在公司內(nèi)部進(jìn)行，但是有幾個因素會削弱封閉創(chuàng)新。首先，近幾年來，由于受過高等教育的公司雇員，流動性越來越強(qiáng)，因此，大量的新知識和新技術(shù)出現(xiàn)在了開放市場當(dāng)中，當(dāng)雇員在其他公司就業(yè)以后，他們將知識也帶入了這家公司，導(dǎo)致知識在公司間流動。

點評：

這個段落本身的難度并不大，但難在譯得貼合原文，一定要理解正確才能表達(dá)清楚。考生頭腦中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的基本邏輯為:“以前創(chuàng)新在公司內(nèi)部，但有一些因素影響了這種封閉創(chuàng)新，頭一個是因為人員流動，把技術(shù)帶入了市場，員工就業(yè)后又把知識帶入新公司”，在這種整體理解的前提下才能翻譯得貼合原文。

Secondly. The availability of a venture capital on the market has increased significantly, which makes it possible for good ideas and technologies, to be further developed outside the company through licensing agreements. As a result companies have started to look for new ways to increase the effectiveness of their innovation processes outside their boundaries. They actively search? new technologies outside of the firm and engage in cooperation with suppliers and even competitors to create customer value。another important reason is that a company wants to sell to other companies technology it has developed that do not fit the development strategy of itself.

其次，市場上的風(fēng)險投資變得越來越容易得到，這也就使得一些新的理念和新技術(shù)，可以通過許可協(xié)議的方式在公司外部發(fā)展，結(jié)果，公司開始尋求一些新的方式，在它們的邊界之外進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，提高有效性，他們積極的在公司外部尋求新技術(shù)，與供貨商甚至競爭對手進(jìn)行合作，以便創(chuàng)造客戶價值。另外一個重要的因素是，一家公司，往往會將那些自行開發(fā)，然而不適合自己公司的發(fā)展理念的技術(shù)賣給其他公司。

點評：

The availability of a venture capital on the market has increased significantly, which makes it possible for good ideas and technologies, to be further developed outside the company through licensing agreements.如上文所述，這一句當(dāng)中的“風(fēng)險投資”和“許可協(xié)議”都屬于新經(jīng)濟(jì)時代常用表達(dá)，如果學(xué)生注意積累，難度應(yīng)當(dāng)不大，而availability 這類的詞匯的處理也屬于常用技巧范圍，類似的詞還有“accessibility”/”vulnerability”/”elasticity”都可以根據(jù)上下文調(diào)整為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，做到文從字順。

?What then does open innovation work for Chinese companies? in the first place the shift that I have described means the Chinese companies have to become aware of increasing importance of open innovation, the concept of the open innovation is based on the following principles: if you can acquire the best ideas in an open market environment, you will win.? External research and development, in many cases, can create greater value than internal research and development.? A company doesn't have to originate? research when the? technology want is available in? the open market.? leading companies around the world are already using the concept of open innovation because they realize that bringing? in new ideas from small businesses is much smarter than fighting them. The value of cooperation exceeds the threat of sharing information,

開放式創(chuàng)新理念對于中國公司有什么影響?首先，我剛剛描述的那種轉(zhuǎn)型，也就意味著中國公司必須要意識到開放式創(chuàng)新的重要性日趨增長，這一概念是建立在以下原則之上的，如果你能夠從開放的市場環(huán)境當(dāng)中獲得最佳的理念，你就能取得勝利，在很多情況下外部研發(fā)比內(nèi)部研發(fā)創(chuàng)造的價值更大，如果市場上存在現(xiàn)成的技術(shù)，一家公司就不必進(jìn)行原創(chuàng)研究世界領(lǐng)先的公司，已經(jīng)在使用這種開放式創(chuàng)新的理念，因為他們意識到，從小企業(yè)當(dāng)中獲得新理念，這一做法比與小企業(yè)對抗更明智。合作的價值，超過了分享信息帶來的威脅。

點評：

leading companies around the world are already using the concept of open innovation because they realize that bringing? in new ideas from small businesses is much smarter than fighting them.這一句子主干是一個主從復(fù)合句，原因狀語because后接一個比較結(jié)構(gòu)，中間存在代詞的指代用法，可謂一波三折，在處理時要聽準(zhǔn)關(guān)系，小心應(yīng)對，才能獲得成功。

My company is such a bridge maker. , we have rich experience promoting open innovation and we are uniquely positioned to assist Chinese companies in achieving open innovation, by lowering their risk and improving their success. for example, we’ve helped a major Chinese company adopted a long term open innovation strategy by identifying and introducing the emerging technologies that suits its business model. , we're ready to share our business experience and expertise, with Chinese company, and I’m sure this will help you stay ahead of others in the fierce international market,

我的公司就是負(fù)責(zé)牽線搭橋的一家公司，我們在推動開放式創(chuàng)新方面有著豐富的經(jīng)驗，因此，我們擁有得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢，幫助中國公司，從開放式創(chuàng)新當(dāng)中獲益，這樣做可以降低他們的風(fēng)險，提高成功的可能性。例如我們已經(jīng)幫助了一家中國大公司采取長期開放式創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略，幫助他們選擇并介紹適合他們商業(yè)模式的新興技術(shù)，我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好與中國公司分享商務(wù)經(jīng)驗和專門技術(shù)，我相信這種做法能夠幫助你們在激烈的國際市場競爭當(dāng)中領(lǐng)先一步。

點評：

we are uniquely positioned這一表達(dá)可以考慮翻成名詞。