一、意義上的區(qū)別
一般過去時態(tài)只是單純地表示過去某一時間發(fā)生過的動作或者存在的狀態(tài), 和現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系, 只著眼于過去.
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系, 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果, 屬于現(xiàn)在時的范疇. 試比較下列例句:

My father has bought a new car .

我爸爸買了一輛新車.

強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去的某一時間發(fā)生的動作"買" , 對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是" 他有了一輛新車".
My father bought a new car last Sunday .

我爸爸上個周日買了一輛新車. 強(qiáng)調(diào)上個周日"買" 這個動作發(fā)生過, 與爸爸現(xiàn)在是否有車無關(guān). 也許這輛車是給別人的.

二、時間狀語的區(qū)別
一般過去時態(tài)常用非延續(xù)性動詞,如borrow, buy, come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等?,F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),與時間段連用時動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如keep, have, live, teach, learn, work, study, know, be等。 如:
He joined the League three years ago .(join是短暫動詞)
He has been in the League for three years.(be in表狀態(tài),在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
三、用法上的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的用法表示一個過去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響。這一類情況可以細(xì)致分為下述兩種情況。
1.表示開始于過去的動作剛剛結(jié)束。常和just,now,already,yet,not…yet等連用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light.

李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。(說明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了)

I've finished my homework now.

現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。(說明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了)

2..表示過去動作的結(jié)果,現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。一般不用時間狀語。
I have lost my pen.

我把筆丟了。(說明過去某時丟的,現(xiàn)在我還沒找到這支筆)

小測試:
1..——When _____ you _____ to learn to skate? ----Five years ago.
A. do; start B. will; start C. had; start D. did; start
2.——Hasn’t Alice come yet? ----No, and I _____ for her for about 2 hours.
A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
3.Her grandpa _______ in 2000. Though he ______ for about ten years, she still misses him. A. dies; has died B. died; has been dead C. died; was dead D. died; has died
答案:1.D 2.C 3.B