【分詞】

分詞作定語

1.分詞前置

We can see the rising sun.
我們可以看到東升的旭日

He is a retired worker.
他是位退休的工人
。

2.分詞后置 (i.分詞詞組；ii.個(gè)別分詞如given, left； iii.修飾不定代詞something等)

There was a girl sitting there.
有個(gè)女孩坐在那里

This is the question given.
這是所給的問題

There is nothing interesting.
沒有有趣的東西

過去分詞作定語

與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。

Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

典型例題

1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written

答案D. 書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語從句which is written

2）What's the language ____ in Germany?

A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak

答案B. 主語language與謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。

spoken是動(dòng)詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken與language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

該句可以理解為：

What's the language (which is) spoken in German?

分詞作狀語

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

假如多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長得更好。

典型例題

1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed

答案B. Napoleon與follow之間有被動(dòng)的含義。being followed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。followed by（被...跟隨）。

本題可改為：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.

2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed　 B. following　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed

答案B. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。

3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat

答案C. 本題要選一分詞作為狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對(duì)于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選C。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句 When it is heated，...

注意： 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。

(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。

Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，　我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。