語(yǔ)法解析 | 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判定
有的同學(xué)有時(shí)候不太能很快速、準(zhǔn)確的判斷出句子中的過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法,下面,小編收集了大量相關(guān)知識(shí),今天就給大家講講,如何能判定過(guò)去完成時(shí),一起來(lái)看看吧!
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1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定
一般說(shuō)來(lái),各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:
?。? )by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
?。? )by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
?。? )before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
(1 )賓語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
(2 )狀語(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意:before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,由于before 和after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
?。?)表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
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