過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（亦可以說(shuō)是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）。過(guò)去完成時(shí)由had加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。

1.1 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成
肯定句：主語(yǔ) + had + 過(guò)去分詞...
否定句：主語(yǔ) + had + not + 過(guò)去分詞...
疑問(wèn)句：Had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞...?
疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞 + had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞...?

1.2 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的肯定句
句型：主語(yǔ) + had + 過(guò)去分詞...
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的肯定句由助動(dòng)詞had加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成：
He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些時(shí)候他去過(guò)紐約。
Jane had just left when you rang.你打電話時(shí)簡(jiǎn)剛走。

1.3 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的否定句
句型：主語(yǔ) + had + not + 過(guò)去分詞...
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的否定句是在助動(dòng)詞had后加not，之后是過(guò)去分詞：
At that time we hadn't met her.那時(shí)我們還沒(méi)有見到她。
The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war.這個(gè)國(guó)家尚未從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響下復(fù)原。


1.4 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句
一般疑問(wèn)句句型：Had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞...?
回答方式：Yes，主語(yǔ) + had.
No，主語(yǔ) + had + not.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句是將助動(dòng)詞had置于主語(yǔ)之前（大寫had的第一個(gè)字母），在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào)；這種語(yǔ)序是倒裝語(yǔ)序：
I visited the museum yesterday.—Had you visited it before? —Yes，I had./No，I hadn't.昨天我參觀了這個(gè)博物館。——你以前參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館嗎? ——是，我去過(guò)。/沒(méi)有，我以前沒(méi)有去過(guò)。

1.5 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
1.表示較早的過(guò)去
表示較早的過(guò)去，即某一時(shí)刻之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：
In 1980，I'd never been to Paris.（=I never went there before1980.）1980年之前我從未去過(guò)巴黎。
After we had landed，the plane was searched thoroughly.我們降落后，飛機(jī)被徹底搜查了一遍。
When she heard that her father had died in the accident，she burst out crying.當(dāng)她聽說(shuō)她父親在那次事故中喪生時(shí)便大哭起來(lái)。
2.用于間接引語(yǔ)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的作用有時(shí)完全相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過(guò)去形式，在間接引語(yǔ)中多有這種情況：
Helen said（that）she had moved to another flat.海倫說(shuō)她已搬 到另一套房間去了。
He said he had been there before.他說(shuō)他曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那里。
3.用于賓語(yǔ)從句
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的用法，多見于賓語(yǔ)從句。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，主句中用了know（知道），realize（意識(shí)到），think（認(rèn)為），suppose（猜想），guess（推測(cè)），find（找到），discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)），decide（決定），remember（想起），forget（忘記）等動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如果賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作，通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
We realized we had lost our way.我們意識(shí)到我們迷路了。
I didn't think to ask her if she had passed her examination.我沒(méi)有想問(wèn)她是否考試及格了。
4.強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的完成
I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had col-lected more than 2000.我從2月份開始集郵，到11月已收集到2000多枚。
By six o'clock they had worked for8hours.到6點(diǎn)鐘他們已經(jīng)工作了8小時(shí)了。（可能還沒(méi)結(jié)束）
5.用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的這一用法，常見于以if only等引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：
If only we had listened to their advice! 我們要是聽了他們的意見就好了!
If only you had worked with greater care! 你要是更仔細(xì)一些該多好!
Would that we had seen her before she died.要是在她去世之前我們能見她一面該有多好。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的這一用法還見于構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句和I wish...（我希望……），I’d rather...（我寧愿……）后的that-從句：
I'd rather you hadn't been present.我寧愿你當(dāng)時(shí)不在場(chǎng)。
If I had asked for directions，I wouldn't have gotten lost.如果我問(wèn)一下路，就不會(huì)迷失方向了。

6.表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算和意圖
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，只適用于下列動(dòng)詞：expect（期待），hope（希望），intend（打算），mean（打算），suppose（料想），think（認(rèn)為），want（想要）等：
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.我們?cè)鞠Ｍ銜?huì)來(lái)拜訪我們。
I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave.我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脫不開身。
7.與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以是already（已經(jīng)），yet（仍然），still（還），just（剛剛），hardly...when（剛……就），scarcely...before（剛……就），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)沒(méi)有）等，也可以是by（不遲于），before（在……之前），until（直到），as soon as（一……就）等引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句：
When I came back at midnight she still hadn't finished.我半夜回來(lái)時(shí)，她還沒(méi)有做完。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來(lái)。
By Tuesday he hadn't done it.到星期二他還沒(méi)有做完。