【讀書筆記】《沉思錄》卷四：任何行為都不要無目的的做出02
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?本書簡介：
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫給自己的書，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫成的。作品來自奧勒留對身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種冷靜而達觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學派的一個里程碑，亦是溫總理放在枕邊，讀了不下百遍的書。
本書原文由古希臘文而作，英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本，中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》
?作者簡介：
馬可?奧勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲學家”，古羅馬帝國皇帝，在希臘文學和拉丁文學、修辭、哲學、法律、繪畫方面受過很好的教育，晚期斯多葛學派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學家皇帝。他是一個比他的帝國更加完美的人，他的勤奮工作最終并沒有能夠挽救古羅馬，但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。
卷四：任何行為都不要無目的的做出02
?小編語：第四卷，繼續(xù)我們的沉思之旅~
4.3? Constantly then give to thyself this retreat, and renew thyself; and let thy principles be brief and fundamental, which, as soon as thou shalt recur to them, will be sufficient to cleanse the soul completely, and to send thee back free from all discontent with the things to which thou returnest. For with what art thou discontented? With the badness of men? Recall to thy mind this conclusion, that rational animals exist for one another, and that to endure is a part of justice, and that men do wrong involuntarily; and consider how many already, after mutual enmity, suspicion, hatred, and fighting, have been stretched dead, reduced to ashes; and be quiet at last.
?Notes：
discontent [n]?~ (at/over/with something)?a feeling of being unhappy because you are not satisfied with a particular situation; something that makes you have this feeling.
4.4?But perhaps thou art dissatisfied with that which is assigned to thee out of the universe.- Recall to thy recollection this alternative; either there is providence or atoms, fortuitous concurrence of things; or remember the arguments by which it has been proved that the world is a kind of political community, and be quiet at last.- But perhaps corporeal things will still fasten upon thee.- Consider then further that the mind mingles not with the breath, whether moving gently or violently, when it has once drawn itself apart and discovered its own power, and think also of all that thou hast heard and assented to about pain and pleasure, and be quiet at last.- But perhaps the desire of the thing called fame will torment thee.- See how soon everything is forgotten, and look at the chaos of infinite time on each side of the present, and the emptiness of applause, and the changeableness and want of judgement in those who pretend to give praise, and the narrowness of the space within which it is circumscribed, and be quiet at last. For the whole earth is a point, and how small a nook in it is this thy dwelling, and how few are there in it, and what kind of people are they who will praise thee.
?Notes：
atom [n]?the smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
fortuitous [adj]?happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result.
corporeal [adj]1.?that can be touched; physical rather than spiritual;
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2.?of or for the body.
circumscribe [v] ~ sth
? ? ? ?1. to limit somebody/something's freedom, rights, power, etc.
? ? ? ?2.?to draw a circle around another shape.
?看了筆記注釋之后，先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧，參考譯文見下：
中文翻譯：
4.3?那么你不斷地使自己做這種隱退吧，更新你自己吧，讓你的原則簡單而又基本，這樣，一旦你要訴諸它們，它們就足以完全地凈化心靈，使你排除所有的不滿而重返家園。因為，你是對什么不滿呢？是對人們的邪惡不滿嗎？那就讓你的心靈回憶起這一結(jié)論吧：理性的動物是互相依存的，忍受亦是正義的一部分，人們是不自覺地行惡的；考慮一下有多少人在相互敵視、懷疑、仇恨、戰(zhàn)斗之后已經(jīng)死去而化為灰燼；那就會終于使你安靜下來。－但也許你是不滿于從宇宙中分配給你的東西－那么轉(zhuǎn)而回憶一下這一思想：想想要末是神存在，要末是原子，即事物的偶然配合存在；或者想想這些論據(jù)，它們證明了這個世界是一個政治社會，那最終會使你安靜。
4.4?但也許有形的事物還是要抓住你－那么進一步考慮一下：當心靈一旦使自己與身體分開，發(fā)現(xiàn)了它自己的力量，它就不論是在平緩還是激烈地活動中，都不會使自己與呼吸相混；也再想想你在痛苦和快樂方面所有你聽到的和同意的；你將最終使你安靜。－但也許對于所謂名聲的愿望將要折磨你－那么看一看一切事物是多么快地被忘卻，看一看過去和未來的無限時間的混沌；看一看贊美的空洞，看一看那些裝作給出贊揚的人們判斷的多變和貧乏，以及贊揚所被限定的范圍的狹隘，那么最終使你自己安靜吧。因為整個地球是一個點，你居住的地方又是地球上一個多么小的角落啊，在它上面存在的東西是多么的少啊，而要贊揚你的人又是什么樣的人呢？