2、多邊合作

(2) Multilateral cooperation

——中國積極參加聯(lián)合國和平利用外層空間委員會及其科技小組委員會、法律小組委員會的各項活動，積極參與外空活動長期可持續(xù)性等國際空間規(guī)則磋商，簽署《中國國家航天局與聯(lián)合國對地觀測數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)支持諒解備忘錄》，積極推動中國對地觀測衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)在聯(lián)合國平臺上的共享與合作。

– China takes an active part in activities organized by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its Scientific and Technical Sub-committee and Legal Sub-committee, and negotiations on international space rules such as the long-term sustainability of outer space activities. It signed the Memorandum of Understanding between the China National Space Administration and the United Nations on Earth Observation Data and Technical Support, actively promoting data sharing and cooperation between China’s earth observation satellites on the UN platform.

——中國積極支持聯(lián)合國災(zāi)害管理與應(yīng)急響應(yīng)天基信息平臺北京辦公室開展相關(guān)工作。聯(lián)合國在北京設(shè)立空間科學(xué)與技術(shù)教育亞太區(qū)域中心（中國），促進國際空間領(lǐng)域的人才培養(yǎng)。

– China supports the relevant work of the Beijing office of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response. The UN set up the Regional Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (China) in Beijing to promote personnel training in the international space arena.

——中國在亞太空間組織合作框架下，積極參與推動亞太空間合作組織聯(lián)合多任務(wù)小衛(wèi)星星座項目，成功舉辦以“‘一帶一路’助力亞太地區(qū)空間能力建設(shè)”為主題的亞太空間合作組織發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略高層論壇，并發(fā)表北京宣言。

– Within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), China actively participated in the APSCO Joint Small Multi-mission Satellite Constellation Program. It also organized the APSCO Development Strategy Forum with the theme of “the Belt and Road Initiative for Facilitating Regional Capacity Building of the Asia-Pacific Countries,” at which the Beijing Declaration was adopted.

——中國與巴西、俄羅斯、印度、南非等國航天機構(gòu)共同發(fā)起并積極推動金磚國家遙感衛(wèi)星星座合作。

– China and the space agencies of Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa co-sponsored and actively promoted cooperation in the BRICS remote-sensing satellite constellation.

——啟動實施中國—東盟衛(wèi)星信息海上應(yīng)用中心、瀾滄江—湄公河空間信息交流中心建設(shè)等項目。

– China launched the China-ASEAN Satellite Information Maritime Application Center, and Lancang-Mekong River Spatial Information Exchange Center.

——中國積極參與機構(gòu)間空間碎片協(xié)調(diào)委員會、空間與重大災(zāi)害憲章、地球觀測組織等政府間國際組織的各項活動。成功舉辦第31屆空間與重大災(zāi)害憲章理事會、第32屆機構(gòu)間空間碎片協(xié)調(diào)委員會等國際會議。

– China actively participated in activities organized by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC), International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, Group on Earth Observations, and other intergovernmental organizations. It hosted the 31st Council of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, the 32nd Meeting of the IADC and other international conferences.

——中國積極參與全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)國際委員會活動，成功舉辦第7屆全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)國際委員會大會，積極推動北斗系統(tǒng)與其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)兼容與互操作，推廣普及衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航技術(shù)，與多個國家和地區(qū)開展衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用合作。

– China actively participated in activities organized by the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) and held the Seventh ICG Conference. It actively improved the compatibility and interoperability of the Beidou system with other satellite navigation systems, popularized satellite navigation technology, and cooperated with a number of countries and regions in satellite navigation applications.

——中國積極參與國際宇航聯(lián)合會、國際空間研究委員會、國際宇航科學(xué)院、國際空間法學(xué)會等非政府間國際組織和學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)的各項活動，成功舉辦第64屆國際宇航大會、2014年聯(lián)合國/中國/亞太空間合作組織空間法研討會、第36屆國際地球科學(xué)與遙感大會等國際會議。在聯(lián)合國空間應(yīng)用項目框架下成功舉辦首屆載人航天技術(shù)研討會。

– China actively participated in activities organized by the International Astronautical Federation, International Committee on Space Research, International Academy of Astronautics, International Institute of Space Law, and other non-governmental international space organizations and academic institutes. It held the 64th International Astronautical Congress, 2014 United Nations / China / APSCO Workshop on Space Law, 36th International Conference on Earth Science and Remote-Sensing, and related international conferences. It also held the First Seminar on Manned Spaceflight Technology within the framework of the United Nations Program on Space Applications.

——中國積極參與全球防災(zāi)減災(zāi)國際事務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)，通過聯(lián)合國災(zāi)害管理與應(yīng)急反應(yīng)天基信息平臺、聯(lián)合國亞洲及太平洋經(jīng)濟社會理事會、空間與重大災(zāi)害憲章等機制，為國際重大災(zāi)害救援工作提供了衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)支持和技術(shù)服務(wù)。

– China actively participated in the international coordination of global disaster prevention and reduction, and provided satellite data support and technical services for major international disaster-relief efforts through the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, and related mechanisms.

3、商業(yè)活動

(3) Commercial activities

中國積極鼓勵和支持企業(yè)參與空間領(lǐng)域國際商業(yè)活動，完成尼日利亞通信衛(wèi)星、委內(nèi)瑞拉遙感衛(wèi)星一號、玻利維亞通信衛(wèi)星、老撾一號通信衛(wèi)星、白俄羅斯一號通信衛(wèi)星等衛(wèi)星出口和在軌交付，為土耳其藍突厥2號地球觀測衛(wèi)星提供商業(yè)發(fā)射服務(wù)，成功搭載發(fā)射厄瓜多爾、阿根廷、波蘭、盧森堡等國的小衛(wèi)星，積極開展空間信息商業(yè)服務(wù)。

China encourages and supports Chinese enterprises to participate in international commercial activities in the space field. It has exported satellites and made in-orbit delivery of Nigeria’s communications satellite, Venezuela’s remote-sensing satellite-1, Bolivia’s communications satellite, Laos’ communications satellite-1 and Belarus’ communications satellite-1. In addition, it provided commercial launch service for Turkey’s Gokturk-2 earth observation satellite, and when launching its own satellites took on small satellites for Ecuador, Argentina, Poland, Luxembourg and other countries. It has also provided business services concerning space information.

（三）未來五年重點合作領(lǐng)域

Key areas for future cooperation

未來五年，中國將以更加積極開放的姿態(tài)，在以下重點領(lǐng)域廣泛開展國際空間交流與合作：

In the next five years, China will, with a more active and open attitude, conduct extensive international exchanges and cooperation concerning space in the following key areas:

——“一帶一路”空間信息走廊建設(shè)，包括對地觀測、通信廣播、導(dǎo)航定位等衛(wèi)星研制，地面和應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品開發(fā)等。

– Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative Space Information Corridor, including earth observation, communications and broadcasting, navigation and positioning, and other types of satellite-related development; ground and application system construction; and application product development.

——金磚國家遙感衛(wèi)星星座建設(shè)。

– Construction of the BRICS remote-sensing satellite constellation.

——亞太空間合作組織聯(lián)合多任務(wù)小衛(wèi)星星座和大學(xué)生小衛(wèi)星項目建設(shè)。

– Construction of the APSCO Joint Small Multi-mission Satellite Constellation Program and University Small Satellite Project Development.

——月球、火星等深空探測工程與技術(shù)合作。

– The Moon, Mars and other deep space exploration programs and technical cooperation.

——載人航天空間實驗室、空間站建設(shè)及應(yīng)用。

– Inclusion of a space laboratory and a space station in China’s manned spaceflight program.

——空間科學(xué)衛(wèi)星、遙感衛(wèi)星、有效載荷等工程研制。

– Research and development of a space science satellite, a remote-sensing satellite, payloads, etc.

——數(shù)據(jù)接收站、通信關(guān)口站等地面基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。

– Construction of ground infrastructure such as data receiving stations and communications gateway stations.

——對地觀測、通信廣播、導(dǎo)航定位等衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用。

– Satellite applications, including earth observation, communications and broadcasting, navigation and positioning.

——空間科學(xué)探索研究。

– Exploration and research on space science.

——航天發(fā)射及搭載服務(wù)。

– Launching and carrying services.

——航天測控支持。

– Space TT&C support.

——空間碎片監(jiān)測、預(yù)警、減緩及防護。

– Space debris monitoring, early warning, mitigation and protection.

——空間天氣領(lǐng)域合作。

– Space weather cooperation.

——衛(wèi)星整星、衛(wèi)星及運載火箭分系統(tǒng)、零部件、電子元器件、地面設(shè)施設(shè)備等產(chǎn)品進出口和技術(shù)合作。

– Import and export of and technical cooperation in the field of whole satellites, sub-systems, spare parts and electronic components of satellites and launch vehicles, ground facilities and equipment, and related items.

——空間法律、空間政策、航天標準研究。

– Research on space law, policy and standards.

——航天領(lǐng)域人員交流與培訓(xùn)等。

– Personnel exchanges and training in the space field.

結(jié)束語

Conclusion

當今世界，越來越多的國家高度重視并積極參與航天事業(yè)發(fā)展，航天技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹姆椒矫婷妫瑢θ祟惿鐣a(chǎn)生活方式產(chǎn)生重大而深遠的影響。

In the present-day world, more and more countries are attaching importance to and taking an active part in developing space activities. Moreover, space technology is being widely applied in all aspects of our daily life, exerting a major and far-reaching influence on social production and lifestyle.

和平探索和利用外層空間是人類不懈的追求。站在新的歷史起點上，中國將加快推動航天事業(yè)發(fā)展，積極開展國際空間交流與合作，使航天活動成果在更廣范圍、更深層次、更高水平上服務(wù)和增進人類福祉，同各國一道，不斷把人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)推向前進。

It is mankind’s unremitting pursuit to peacefully explore and utilize outer space. Standing at a new historical starting line, China is determined to quicken the pace of developing its space industry, and actively carry out international space exchanges and cooperation, so that achievements in space activities will serve and improve the well-being of mankind in a wider scope, at a deeper level and with higher standards. China will promote the lofty cause of peace and development together with other countries.