一、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Absolute Structure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。
二、獨(dú)立主格在句中通常充當(dāng)以下狀語成分：
1、 伴隨狀語（方式狀語）：相當(dāng)于一個并列句。
He was watching TV, his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.
The policeman entered the dark room, gun in hand.
The old man sat down, his face pale with pain.
2、 時間狀語：相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。
Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因狀語：相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。
John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 條件狀語：相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。
Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.
注：有時可以在獨(dú)立主格前面加上介詞with,構(gòu)成with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。
如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom, with the water running.
?