美國制造業(yè)“后繼無人”

美國制造業(yè)公司正在艱難地尋找擁有專業(yè)技能的工人，盡管該行業(yè)在過去兩年已裁員逾200萬。熟練工的短缺，可能會(huì)限制企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇步伐加快時(shí)擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)的能力。
Manufacturing companies in the US are struggling to find workers with technical skills even though the sector has shed more than 2m jobs in the past two years. The shortage of skilled staff could restrict companies' ability to step up production as the economic recovery gathers pace.

在英國《金融時(shí)報(bào)》的采訪中，從美國最大制造商和出口商之一的波音，到小企業(yè)，各制造業(yè)公司還表示，未來幾年它們將有一大批技術(shù)工人達(dá)到退休年齡，而接替的年輕工人數(shù)量不足。
In interviews with the Financial Times, groups ranging from Boeing – one of the US's biggest manufacturers and exporters – to small companies also said they faced a wave of skilled workers reaching retirement age in the next few years, with a shortage of younger workers to replace them.

波音的人力資源高級副總裁里克·斯蒂芬說：“所有的大型技術(shù)公司都面臨著類似問題，這些公司中很大一部分員工有資格退休。”
“All large technical firms are facing similar issues, where a large part of the population is eligible to retire,” said Rick Stephens, senior vice-president of human resources at Boeing.

他表示，到2015年，該飛機(jī)制造商40%的工人將達(dá)到退休年齡?！斑@就是說，在5年內(nèi)我們將有6萬名員工符合退休資格。我們認(rèn)為招聘渠道將根本不能滿足需要?！?br>He said that by 2015, 40 per cent of the aircraft maker's workers would be in that position. “That's some 60,000 employees eligible to retire in five years. We just don't see the [recruitment] pipeline meeting our needs.”

根據(jù)美國勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數(shù)據(jù)，美國約19%制造業(yè)工人年逾54歲，整體勞動(dòng)力隊(duì)伍的情況大致相同。然而，25歲以下的工人數(shù)量僅占制造業(yè)工人總數(shù)的7%，是全美工人數(shù)量中同一比例的一半。
About 19 per cent of US manufacturing workers are 54 and older, roughly the same as for the workforce as a whole, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, only 7 per cent of manufacturing workers are under 25 years old – half that of the wider workforce.

對于許多工業(yè)企業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退并未緩解熟練工短缺的問題。旨在促進(jìn)美國技工教育的西門子基金會(huì)總裁吉姆·瓦萊表示，德國工程集團(tuán)西門子在美國有大約600個(gè)工程師職位空缺，高于去年的500個(gè)。
For many industrial companies, the recession has not eased the skills shortage. Siemens, the German engineering group, has about 600 vacancies for engineers in the US, up from 500 on last year, according to Jim Whaley, president of the Siemens Foundation, which promotes technical education in the US.

制造商表示，工程師和一線熟練工最為短缺。
Manufacturers said the biggest shortages were for engineers and skilled floor workers.