（二）主體段中的應(yīng)用

1. Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake，regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What，in your opinion，should be the main function of a university? (劍七Test 4)

以下是此題目一篇范文的第2個(gè)主體段：

However, reaching the conclusion that other functions，such as giving access to knowledge for its own sake，are no longer important is biased. For hundreds of years，especially in the west，the undergraduate education is，indeed， a liberal education，which means the undergraduates learn a wide range of curriculums such as psychology， economics， politics that has no direct relations to jobs. The upsides of this is that it firstly enables students to become broad-minded and help them lay a solid theoretical foundation，then they will be able to choose the most appropriate field based on their own interests for further studies.

這個(gè)段落的論述的中心是大學(xué)以傳授知識(shí)本身為目的，作者使用了“通才教育”這個(gè)在西方國家非常流行的教育方式為佐證，在給出“通才教育”定義的本身，又用定語從句補(bǔ)充到了和題目第2個(gè)論點(diǎn)間的關(guān)系，從而進(jìn)行了有力的對(duì)比，深化了段落中心。

2. Education

When people leave school，they wish they could breathe a sign of relief and leave learning behind. However，learning should last a lifetime. You exercise your body to stay strong，and you should exercise your mind to stay sharp. ……

在這個(gè)關(guān)于教育的話題中，作者在論述時(shí)用終身教育的好處來詮釋教育的長期性和必要性，從而為下文的擴(kuò)展作了很好的鋪墊和過渡。

3. School should teach children academic subjects which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore，other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?(08年5月22日A類考題)

Academic subjects，such as reading and writing，play a vital role in the education system. Apart from activating creativity and imagination，it helps students lay a solid foundation of knowledge. Some might say that academic subject is to a student as a rifle is to a soldier，without which he is unable to fulfill his mission……

在這個(gè)主體段中，作者在開頭便舉出了一些學(xué)術(shù)課程的具體內(nèi)容，從而給讀者一個(gè)概念，同時(shí)也展現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)題目的解讀能力。接下來我們?cè)賮砜匆粋€(gè)相似的用法：

4. Why have not alternative energies already replaced fossil fuels?

There are also problems with production stability. The amount of energy we need varies throughout the day，and conventional energy production，such as coal and oil，can be increased or decreased based on these variations. Alternatives like wind and solar power are limited because they can only produce electricity when it is sunny or the wind is blowing.

在這篇分析型大作文里，作者通過對(duì)化石燃料和可替代燃料的對(duì)比，突出了前者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也揭示了后者的不足。通過將一個(gè)名詞范圍中的具體例子舉出，是下定義的另外一種詮釋。

綜上所述，下定義可用于議論文的開頭或者主體段里，但是它一般不適用于用在結(jié)尾段中。除了字典上的定義外，建議考生還可以從這個(gè)名詞或短語的功能、目的、包含的具體例子等方面賦予它含義，這些方式都屬于下定義。