依地語(yǔ)

You may not have ever heard of Yiddish, but it’s a Germanic language that’s especially common among Jewish people with Eastern European roots. Today it’s mostly spoken in Israel, Eastern Europe and some parts of the United States where Jewish families settled.
你可能沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)依地語(yǔ)，但它是一種日耳曼語(yǔ)言，在源起東歐的猶太人中特別常見(jiàn)。如今多在以色列、東歐和美國(guó)部分猶太家庭定居的地區(qū)使用。

Because of historical immigration, some Yiddish words may be more common in American English than British English. Also, since it is a Germanic language, many Yiddish words are similar or even the same as German words.
由于歷史遷移，相對(duì)于英式英語(yǔ)，一些依地語(yǔ)詞匯可能在美式英語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn)。而且，因?yàn)樗且环N日耳曼語(yǔ)言，許多依地語(yǔ)詞匯和德語(yǔ)詞匯相似，甚至相同。

1. Glitch
小故障，小毛病

A glitch describes a small problem, but usually it’s a problem that doesn’t make it impossible to finish something.
小故障表示小問(wèn)題，但通常是那種影響整個(gè)事情進(jìn)展的問(wèn)題。

例句:

I planned to go downtown to meet with Betty, but I ran into a glitch: The bus wasn’t running because it was a holiday. So I just took a taxi instead.
我計(jì)劃去市中心和貝蒂會(huì)面，但是我遇到了一個(gè)小問(wèn)題：公交車因?yàn)榧倨谕＿\(yùn)了，所以我只好乘坐出租車。

2. Klutz
木頭人，不靈巧的人

A klutz is a person who is very uncoordinated or clumsy. In other words, klutzes often have accidents and break things.
笨手笨腳的人是指肢體非常不協(xié)調(diào)或笨拙的人。換言之，他們經(jīng)常闖禍，打壞東西。

例句:

My cousin Charlotte is a real klutz. Every time she goes into a souvenir shop, she always seems to break two or three things, and then she has to pay for them!
我的堂姐夏洛特真是笨手笨腳的。每次她去紀(jì)念品商店，總會(huì)打碎兩三樣?xùn)|西，然后不得不賠償！

3. Spiel
流利夸張地演說(shuō)

In Yiddish (and German), this word can mean “play,” but in English it’s used to describe a quick speech or story which has usually been said/told many times. Often the spiel tries to convince you of something.
在依地語(yǔ)（和德語(yǔ)）中，這個(gè)單詞可以表示演奏，但是在英語(yǔ)中它用來(lái)描述一個(gè)被講述過(guò)許多次的快速演講或故事。通常這個(gè)演講是為了努力說(shuō)服你某件事情。

例句:

My uncle Thomas believes a lot of conspiracy theories. When we ate Thanksgiving dinner, he did his whole spiel about how the government is controlled by lizard people!
我的叔叔湯瑪斯非常迷信。當(dāng)我們享用感恩節(jié)大餐時(shí)，他整個(gè)過(guò)程都在講述政府是如何被惡魔操控的！

4. Schmooze
閑談，閑聊

This is a verb that means to talk with someone in a very friendly way, often to gain some benefit for yourself.
這是個(gè)動(dòng)詞，表示和某人非常友好地交談，通常是為了給自己爭(zhēng)取某些福利。

例句:

At the meeting, the professors were schmoozing with the president of the club. They want his club to donate money to the university.
在會(huì)議上，教授們和俱樂(lè)部的主席閑聊，他們希望俱樂(lè)部能給學(xué)校捐些錢(qián)。

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西班牙語(yǔ)

Like French, Spanish is another Latin-based language that has influenced English. A lot of this Spanish influence is especially noticeable in American English, so many of these words could be less common in British English.
和法語(yǔ)一樣，西班牙語(yǔ)是另一種以拉丁語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)言，對(duì)英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生了影響。西班牙語(yǔ)的影響在美式英語(yǔ)中尤為顯著，所以有許多詞在英式英語(yǔ)中不很常見(jiàn)。

1. Guerrilla
游擊隊(duì)員

In Spanish, this word literally means “l(fā)ittle war.” In both Spanish and English it can be used to describe an unofficial group of people fighting the government. In English, it’s most commonly used as an adjective, in phrases like “guerrilla warfare” or “guerrilla marketing.”
在西班牙語(yǔ)中，這個(gè)單詞字面上表示小型戰(zhàn)役。在西班牙和英語(yǔ)中它都可以用來(lái)描述一群和政府抗戰(zhàn)的非正式組織人員。在英語(yǔ)中，它最常被用來(lái)做形容詞，用在短語(yǔ)中，如游擊戰(zhàn)、游擊營(yíng)銷。

Note that in Spanish, the “l(fā)l” sound is different than in English. As a result, in English this word sounds basically the same as “gorilla,” the animal.
注意在西班牙語(yǔ)種，“l(fā)l”的發(fā)音和英語(yǔ)中不同。所以，英語(yǔ)中的發(fā)音聽(tīng)起來(lái)基本上和gorilla（猩猩）這個(gè)動(dòng)物的讀音很像。

例句:

The guerrilla fighters took control of the capital of the country, which gave them control of the government.
游擊隊(duì)員控制了這個(gè)國(guó)家的首都，從而操控了政府。

2. Macho
男子漢，男子氣概

This word describes a person who is very strong or masculine. It can also be used to describe a person who is arrogant about his manhood. It’s also been used in the name of a professional wrestler and a popular disco song from the 1970s.
這個(gè)單詞描述一個(gè)非常健壯或陽(yáng)剛氣的人，也可以用來(lái)描述一個(gè)對(duì)自己的男子氣質(zhì)感到傲慢的人。它也被用在一個(gè)專業(yè)摔跤手的名字里，和一首二十世紀(jì)七十年代流行的迪斯科歌曲中。

例句:

Peter is a real macho guy, but that’s annoying sometimes. He says that “real men don’t cry,” but I think he’s wrong.
皮特真是一個(gè)非常有男子氣概的人，但有時(shí)也讓人惱火。他說(shuō)“真正的男人不流眼淚”。但我認(rèn)為他是錯(cuò)的。

3. Patio
天井，庭院

In English, “patio” generally describes an area outside a house which often has a table and chairs, but no roof.
英語(yǔ)中，庭院通常描述房子外面的區(qū)域，那兒經(jīng)常會(huì)有一張桌子和一些椅子，但是沒(méi)有屋頂。

例句:

It was very hot today, so we decided to go out to the patio to drink a cold glass of lemonade. There are some trees there, too, so the sun wasn’t as bad.
今天很熱，所以我們決定出去到庭院里喝杯冷的檸檬飲料。那里也有一些樹(shù)，所以太陽(yáng)沒(méi)那么毒辣。

4. Plaza
露天廣場(chǎng)

A plaza describes a public open area in a city, which can sometimes be called a “square.”
露天廣場(chǎng)描述城市里一個(gè)露天的公共區(qū)域，有時(shí)候會(huì)被稱為廣場(chǎng)。

“Plaza” is also used in the names of many shopping malls, corporate building areas or other large open areas. If you’re a native Spanish speaker, notice that the pronunciation in English has a vibrated “z” sound, not a soft “s.”
plaza也被用在許多購(gòu)物商場(chǎng)、公司辦公樓或其他大型露天場(chǎng)所的名字里。如果你的母語(yǔ)是西班牙語(yǔ)，注意英語(yǔ)中的發(fā)音里有一個(gè)濁輔音z，而不是一個(gè)清輔音s。

例句:

Victoria needed to buy some Christmas presents for her friends, so she went downtown to the new shopping plaza to check out some of the stores that were recently opened.
維多利亞需要給朋友買(mǎi)一些圣誕禮物，所以她去市中心新開(kāi)的購(gòu)物廣場(chǎng)，逛一逛最近新開(kāi)的商店。

5. Pi?ata
彩色禮品包

This is a happy word that describes a toy that is filled with candy. At parties, children take turns trying to break it open with a stick so the candy will fall out.
這是個(gè)快樂(lè)的單詞，用來(lái)描述裝滿糖果的玩具。聚會(huì)上，孩子們會(huì)依次嘗試用木棍打開(kāi)它，這樣糖果會(huì)掉出來(lái)。

例句:

We had a birthday party for our 3-year-old boy, but we thought he was probably too young for a pi?ata. We thought all the kids would get hit in the head with the stick.
我們?yōu)槿龤q的兒子舉行了一次生日宴會(huì)，但是我們認(rèn)為他可能年紀(jì)太小了，收不了彩色禮品包。我們認(rèn)為所有的孩子會(huì)被木棍打到頭。

6. Siesta
午睡，午休

A siesta is another name for “nap,” but it’s generally a nap that one takes in the middle of the day, especially after eating or while taking a break from work.
午睡是小睡的另一個(gè)說(shuō)法，但它通常是中午的小睡，尤其是午飯過(guò)后或者是工作間隙的休息。

People often take siestas in hot countries because the middle of the day is when the heat is most intense. So it’s a good time to stay inside and sleep!
天氣熱的國(guó)家，人們經(jīng)常在午睡，因?yàn)橹形缡亲顭岬臅r(shí)候。所以很適合待在屋內(nèi)睡覺(jué)。

例句:

Wow, since I ate that big plate of spaghetti, now I’m feeling super tired. I think I’ll take a quick siesta before I get back to work.
哇，由于我吃了一大盤(pán)意大利面，現(xiàn)在我感到非常疲累。我認(rèn)為在回去工作前要先睡個(gè)午覺(jué)。

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