一、現(xiàn)在完成時

1、表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。（動詞必須是持續(xù)動詞）

China?has changed a great deal in the past 20 years.?

2、強調(diào)過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。（可以使用非持續(xù)動詞）

Where have you put the dictionary? I can't find it anywhere.

3、表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性。常常與often, frequently及表示次數(shù)之類的詞連用。

I have watched him appear on TV several times.

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二、現(xiàn)在完成進行時

1、表示過去某時開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并在持續(xù)期間內(nèi)不斷進行著。

I have been working for five years.?

It has been raining since last Friday.

2、表示重復(fù)的動作。

Jim has been ringing John every night for the last week.

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三、區(qū)別

1、現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作業(yè)已完成，而用現(xiàn)在完成進行時談?wù)撐赐瓿傻膭幼鳌?/p>

I have painted this room.（I’ve finished painting it.）

I have been painting this room.（I haven’t finished painting it.）

2、現(xiàn)在完成時關(guān)注動作的結(jié)果，尤其是談到數(shù)字或數(shù)量時；而現(xiàn)在完成進行時關(guān)注動作本身，特別是解釋動作可見的結(jié)果時。

He’s run three miles. (the result: He’s covered the distance of three miles.)

He’s been running for an hour. (the activity and its consequences: this is what he’s been doing for the last hour and why he is exhausted now.)

3、現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示重復(fù)的動作時，不能同表示具體數(shù)字的詞并用。

I’ve posted a dozen postcards, but received none.

I’ve read this book several times.

I’ve been posting postcards since early December.

4、現(xiàn)在完成進行時帶有較為強烈的感情色彩。

You have been disturbing me.

5、許多狀態(tài)動詞不能用完成進行時。

I’ve known that for a long time.?

The strike has lasted six months.

6、有少數(shù)動詞用兩種時態(tài)都可以，但若強調(diào)時間長度時用完成進行時較好。

They have been working this term.

They?have worked very well this term.