(a)詞形不變,詞性改變?
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),澆水,種植),也可以用作名詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),水,植物). ??
?
(b)一些動詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示"某一類人"的名詞
例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, ?visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.
注意:1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾加-r. ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.?
? ? ? ?2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等. ??
?
(c)在動詞詞尾加上-ment 變成名詞?
例如:achieve—achievement (成就) ? ? ? ? ? ??
? ? ? ?advertise—advertisement//advertising(廣告)?
? ? ? ?agree—agreement ? ? ?disgree—disagreement
? ? ? ?amuse—amusement (娛樂) ? ? ?improve—improvement(爭吵)?
? ? ? ?commit(奉獻)—commitment ? ? ?develop—development (發(fā)展)
? ? ? ?depart—department (局,部) ? ? govern(統(tǒng)治)—government(政府)
? ? ? ?manage—management (管理) ? ? ?equip—equipment (裝備)?
?有些單詞比較特殊,需把動詞后的e去掉再加ment. ? ?例如:argue—argument(爭論) ??
?
(d)在動詞詞尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion變成名詞?
例如: attract—attraction; ? instruct—instruction; ??
? ? ? ? invent—invention discuss—discussion; ? express—expression educate—education; ??
? ? ? ? graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")?
? ? ? ? compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion")
? ? ? ? decide—decision ? ?conclude—conclusion ?(把de改為s再加"ion")
? ? ? ? describe—description描寫,描繪 (這是特例,不規(guī)則變化) ??
?
(e)在動詞詞尾加上-ance變成名詞
?例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出現(xiàn))
? ? ? ? ?perform—performance (演出)
? ? ? ? ?accept—acceptance (接受) ??
?
(f)在動詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞 (方法與動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的方法相同)?
例如:meet—meeting ? ? ? build—building ? ? ? ? wait—waiting
? ? ? ?bathe—bathing ? ? ? say—saying(諺語) ? ?mean—meaning
? ? ? end —ending ? ? ? ? ? train —training ? ? ? ? ?wash—washing
注意:以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing
如:swim—swimming ? shop—shopping ? ?begin—beginning ??
?
(g)其他一些比較特殊的變化?
例如: Beg(乞討)—beggar(乞丐) ? ? ? ? ? ? ?behave(行為舉止)—behavior
? ? ? ? ? know(知道)—knowledge(知識) ? ? ?fly—flight (飛行)?
? ? ? ? ? heat (加熱)—heat(熱量) ?hit (撞擊)—hit( 轟動一時的人或物,碰撞)
? ? ? ? ? mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) ? ?press(按,壓)—pressure(壓力)
? ? ? ? ? sit(坐)—seat (座位) ? ? ? ? succeed—success(成功)
? ? ? ? ? tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)?