淺析同義轉(zhuǎn)換在雅思閱讀中的重要性
原文:Biologically, a species becomes extinct when its last individual dies.
題目:In biological terms, a species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
原文當中的biologically用題目的in biological terms作為替換。Become則由is said to be作為替換。但是原文當中的die在題目中變成了exist,直接相反的意思。介于最后這一處沒有實現(xiàn)正確的統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)換,那么考生就可以判斷出此題是FALSE。
三、句子的轉(zhuǎn)換
雅思閱讀考試里涉及到的句子轉(zhuǎn)換一般是指句子結構或語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換或者是對原文的概括,即用一兩句話對于原文的多句話進行一個總結概括。語態(tài)變化主要是指主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。如,
原文:The Internet has often been criticized by the international society as a newly-emerging dangerous tool in the hands of terrorists.
題目:The international society has often criticized the Internet because it is not safe.
原文的被動語態(tài)在題目當中變成了主動的語態(tài)。單是因為題目缺少了條件狀語in the hands of terrorists,所以題目的正確答案為NOT GIVEN。
句子轉(zhuǎn)換的另一種形式是對原文的總結概括。Summary或者T/F/NG題目當中,有時候會出現(xiàn)原文和句子之間是總結概括關系。如,
原文:It has been proved that a rapid response leads to a great likelihood of arrest only if it is 1-2 minutes after a call is received by police. When the response time increases to 3-4 minutes, the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
題目:A delay of 1-2 minutes in response may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.
這道題目源自一片講反應速度的文章。原文中的兩句話講述的內(nèi)容為,如果警察在接到電話后的1-2分鐘反應,抓住罪犯的可能性就非常大;如果3-4分鐘反應,拘捕的可能性就會降低。這樣的意思在題目當中被概括為一句話,即延后反應一到兩分鐘會降低抓住罪犯的可能性。