???????????????????????? One day in winter

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My hometown located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere.

I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it had already stopped snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn had been cleaned by my father. I closed the book thatI had borrowed from local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which had been prepared well on the kitchen table. Then my little brother came to tell me thathe had finished all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before. We talked about his dream and the stories of my book. During the breakfast, one of my best friends came to visit my family. She said that she had an unforgettable experience abroad.She went to Australia last year. Before that she had prepared for the examination of University of Sydney for half a year. During her study, she had learned the culture and professional knowledge in her field. Also, shehad gone to New Zealand for sightseeing where she understood the Maori people’s life. By the end of last fall she had finished reading a novel about Maori. When she was in Australia, together with her friends and classmateshad planned todonate some money for the poor and the weak in China. So after her return, she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need. In total, 100 people had been helped by her teamby the end of this October. I was so proud of her that we had talked all day long. It was really a happy day.

這篇短文呢，講到的是過去完成時的結構用法。過去完成時（past perfect tense）強調(diào)的是過去某一動作或者狀態(tài)發(fā)生在在另一動作前或者過去某個時間，或指在過去某個時間段已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，其實就是過去的過去。它的構成如下：

構成：had done，

被動式：had been done。

例如文中“it had already stopped snowing.”這句話分析出來就是“雪已經(jīng)停了”。但是值得注意的是“雪停了”這個動作是發(fā)生在“我”醒來之前，所以要用到過去完成時“had stopped。

再舉一個被動式的例子“the shiny white snow on our lawn had been cleaned by my father.”即“草坪上的雪已經(jīng)被爸爸清掃干凈了?！币驗橥ㄆ际窃谥v過去的事情，而爸爸是在過去之前就把雪清掃干凈了。這“過去的過去”就形成了。

再來分析一個過去完成時的時間狀語,文中“by the end of last fall she had finished reading a novel about Maori”那么這里的格式就是“by the time sb.+過去分詞”。今天的話題就這樣吧，畢竟人不能一口吃一個大胖子，咱們循序漸進，文中加了顏色的部分都是過去完成時的用法，同學們可以依照上面所講的內(nèi)容區(qū)一一對應，自己分析和揣摩，最后祝福大家冬天快樂！