80后拒生二胎

王維嘉和丈夫幾乎可以說是聽著“控制人口數(shù)量，關(guān)愛地球母親”的宣傳長大的。
Wang Weijia and her husband grew up surrounded by posters proclaiming "Mother Earth is too tired to sustain more children."
　　
他們將這個口號銘記在心，以至于今夏上海政府改變政策、鼓勵年輕人生二胎時，他們迅速且堅定地表示：絕不！據(jù)悉，上海政府推出此舉是受到了城市低出生率和人口老齡化問題雙方面影響。
They learned the lesson so well that when Shanghai government officials, alarmed by their city's low birthrate and aging population, changed course this summer and began encouraging young couples to have more than one child, their reaction was instant and firm: No way.
　　
“我們已經(jīng)將全部時間和精力放在了獨生子上，沒精力再要第二個孩子了，”31歲的某公司人力資源主管王維嘉說。他們的兒子現(xiàn)在8個月大。
We have already given all our time and energy for just one child. We have none left for a second, said the 31-year-old Wang, a human resources administrator with an 8-month-old son.
　　
一直以來，人們都認為計劃生育政策會緩解就業(yè)市場的壓力，同時保護自然資源。但是，它也導致了危險的低出生率和極大的老齡化人口數(shù)量。有專家表示，政府不大可能改變計劃生育這一國策，因此，官員們正試圖尋找其他方法來解決這一政策所產(chǎn)生的問題。
The family planning policy has been credited with easing job market pressures and preserving natural resources. Yet it has also led to a dangerously low birth-rate and an unusually large aging population. While experts say the government is unlikely to change the national policy, officials are looking into ways that they can address the policy's downside.
　　
中國的計劃生育政策制定于20世紀70年代。該政策鼓勵晚婚晚育，限制城市夫婦只要一個孩子，農(nóng)村夫婦可以要兩個孩子。新華社援引官方數(shù)據(jù)稱，國家的出生率從1978年的1.8％降至2007年的1.2％，累計減少人口數(shù)量4億人。
China's family planning policy was formulated in the early 1970s. It encourages late marriages and late childbearing, and it limits most urban couples to one child and most rural couples to two children. Official figures show that the country's birth rate dropped from 1.8 percent in 1978 to around 1.2 percent in 2007, resulting in 400 million fewer births cumulatively, according to the Xinhua news agency.
　　
與此同時，聯(lián)合國人口署預計，截至2020年，60歲以上（包括60歲）的中國居民數(shù)量將占人口總量的16.％，到2050年這個比例將達到31.1％。
At the same time, the number of Chinese residents 60 and older is predicted to explode from 16.7 percent of the population in 2020 to 31.1 percent by 2050, according to the UN Population Division. That is far above the global average of about 20 percent.
　　
在發(fā)達的沿海城市，例如上海，受教育人口數(shù)量相對較高，這種不平衡現(xiàn)象則更為顯著?！吨袊請蟆啡ツ陥蟮勒f，60歲以上（包括60歲）人口數(shù)量占上海注冊居民總量的22％，而上海的出生率還不到每對夫妻一個孩子。
The imbalance is worse in wealthy coastal cities with highly educated populations, such as Shanghai. Last year, according to China Daily, people 60 and older accounted for almost 22 percent of Shanghai's registered residents, while the birthrate was less than one child per couple.
　　
人口學專家、國家人口計生委專家委員田雪原最近在《人民日報》發(fā)表署名文章，建議允許夫婦雙方為獨生子女者生育兩個孩子。
Tian Xueyuan, a population specialist and member of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), addressed these concerns in the People's Daily recently. Tian proposed that couples who are the only children in their families should be allowed to have two children.
　　
同時，一些地方政府已經(jīng)開始采取措施改善所管轄地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀，國家人口計生委委員史春靜表示，以上海為例，允許夫妻雙方都是獨生子女的家庭生二胎。
Meanwhile, some local governments are already taking steps to improve the situation in their regions, according to Shi Chunjing, an official of NPFPC. Shanghai, for instance, is giving certain urban residents (if both husband and wife are the only children) permission to have two children.
　　
年輕人拒生二胎
Young people say no
　　
北京大學社會人口學教授李建新表示，現(xiàn)在的年輕人，尤其是城市長大的年輕人，不大可能不考慮這一決定所要面臨的經(jīng)濟挑戰(zhàn)而冒然決定要二胎。
Li Jianxin, a professor of social demography at Peking University, says that the younger generation, especially those living in cities, are unlikely to have more children without first considering the economic challenges that decision might bring.
　　
“80后一代人的生活方式和觀點與50后、60后有著明顯的不同，”李教授說，“多數(shù)人不想要那么多孩子，孩子的健康更重要?！?
The lifestyle and viewpoints of the post-80s generation are totally different from the 50s and 60s generations, Li said. "Many Chinese want to give birth to fewer but healthier children."
　　
25歲的上海攝影師原田只有1個1歲大的女兒?？紤]到撫養(yǎng)1個孩子的成本以及生孩子對自己事業(yè)發(fā)展所造成的挑戰(zhàn)，她覺得1個孩子就足夠了。
Yuan Tian, a 25-year-old photographer in Shanghai, has a 1-year-old daughter. And one, she says, is enough – due both to the cost of raising a child and to the challenges a child poses to developing a career.
　　
“生孩子對我的事業(yè)影響很大，”她說，“重新回到崗位后，我要花幾個月的時間才能趕上同事的步伐。而且也不能把全部精力都集中在工作上，我不得不早點離開辦公室去照顧女兒?！?
Giving birth really affected my career, she said. "When I returned to work, it took me several months to catch up with my colleagues again. And I can't focus on my work, since I need to leave the office early to take care of my daughter."