Section?C仔細(xì)閱讀

Directions:?There?are?2?passages?in?this?section.?Each?passage?is?followed?by?some?questions?or?unfinished?statements.?For?each?of?them?there?are?four?choices?marked?A. ,?B. ,?C.?and?D..?You?should?decide?on?the?best?choice?and?mark?the?corresponding?letter?on?Answer?sheet?with?a?single?line?through?the?centre.

Passage?One

Questions?46?to?50?are?based?on?the?following?passage.

Manufacturers?of?products?that?claim?to?be?environmentally?friendly?will?face?tighter?rules?on?how?they?are?advertised?to?consumers?under?changes?proposed?by?the?Federal?Trade?Commission.

The?commission's?revised?"Green?Guides"?warn?marketers?against?using?labels?that?make?broad?claims,?like?"eco-friendly".?Marketers?must?qualify?their?claims?on?the?product?packaging?and?limit?them?to?a?specific?benefit,?such?as?how?much?of?the?product?is?recycled.

"This?is?really?about?trying?to?cut?through?the?confusion?that?consumers?have?when?they?are?buying?a?product?and?that?businesses?have?when?they?are?selling?a?product,"?said?Jon?Leibowitz,chairman?of?the?commission.

The?revisions?come?at?a?time?when?green?marketing?is?on?the?rise.?According?to?a?new?study,the?number?of?advertisements?with?green?messages?in?mainstream?magazines?has?risen?since1987,?and?peaked?in?2008?at?10.4%.?In?2009,?the?number?dropped?to?9%.

But?while?the?number?of?advertisements?may?have?dipped,?there?has?been?a?rapid?spread?of?ecolabeling.?There?are?both?good?and?bad?players?in?the?eco-labeling?game.

In?the?last?five?years?or?so,?there?has?been?an?explosion?of?green?claims?and?environmental?claims.?It?is?clear?that?consumers?don't?always?know?what?they?are?getting.

A?handful?of?lawsuits?have?been?filed?in?recent?years?against?companies?accused?of?using?misleading?environmental?labels.?In?2008?and?2009,?class-action?lawsuits?(集體訴訟)?were?filed?against?SC?Johnson?for?using?"Green?list"?labels?on?its?cleaning?products.?The?lawsuits?said?that?the?label?was?misleading?because?it?gave?the?impression?that?the?products?had?been?certified?by?a?third?party?when?the?certification?was?the?company's?own.

"We?are?very?proud?of?our?accomplishments?under?the?Green?list?system?and?we?believe?that?we?will?prevail?in?these?cases,"?Christopher?Beard,?director?of?public?affairs?for?SC?Johnson,?said,while?acknowledging?that?"this?has?been?an?area?that?is?difficult?to?navigate."

Companies?have?also?taken?it?upon?themselves?to?contest?each?other's?green?claims.

David?Mallen,?associate?director?of?the?Council?of?Better?Business?Bureau,?said?in?the?last?two?years?the?organization?had?seen?an?increase?in?the?number?of?claims?companies?were?bringing?against?each?other?for?false?or?misleading?environmental?product?claims.

"About?once?a?week,?I?have?a?client?that?will?bring?up?a?new?certification?I've?never?even?heard?of?and?I'm?in?this?industry,?said?Kevin?Wilhelm,?chief?executive?officer?of?Sustainable?Business?Consulting. "It's?kind?of?a?Wild?West,?anybody?can?claim?themselves?to?be?green."?Mr.?Wilhelm?said?the?excess?of?labels?made?it?difficult?for?businesses?and?consumers?to?know?which?labels?they?should?pay?attention?to.

46.?What?do?the?revised?"Green?Guides"?require?businesses?to?do?

A)?Manufacture?as?many?green?products?as?possible.

B)?Indicate?whether?their?products?are?recyclable.

C)?Specify?in?what?way?their?products?are?green.

D)?Attach?green?labels?to?all?of?their?products.

47.?What?does?the?author?say?about?consumers?facing?an?explosion?of?green?claims?

A)?They?can?easily?see?through?the?businesses'?tricks.

B)?They?have?to?spend?lots?of?time?choosing?products.

C)?They?have?doubt?about?current?green?certification.

D)?They?are?not?clear?which?products?are?truly?green.

48.?What?was?SC?Johnson?accused?of?in?the?class-action?lawsuits?

A)?It?gave?consumers?the?impression?that?all?its?products?were?truly?green.

B)?It?gave?a?third?party?the?authority?to?label?its?products?as?environmentally?friendly.

C)?It?misled?consumers?to?believe?that?its?products?had?been?certified?by?a?third?party.

D)?It?sold?cleaning?products?that?were?not?included?in?the?official?"Green?list".

49.?How?did?Christopher?Beard?defend?his?company's?labeling?practice?

A)?There?were?no?clear?guidelines?concerning?green?labeling.

B)?His?company's?products?had?been?well?received?by?the?public.

C)?It?was?in?conformity?to?the?prevailing?practice?in?the?market.

D)?No?law?required?the?involvement?of?a?third?party?in?certification.

50.?What?does?Kevin?Wilhelm?imply?by?saying?"It's?kind?of?a?Wild?West" (Line?3，Para. 11)?

A)?Businesses?compete?to?produce?green?products.

B)?Each?business?acts?its?own?way?in?green?labeling.

C)?Consumers?grow?wild?with?products?labeled?green.

D)?Anything?produced?in?the?West?can?be?labeled?green.?

Passage?Two

Questions?51?to?55?are?based?on?the?following?passage.

America's?education?system?has?become?less?a?ladder?of?opportunity?than?a?structure?to?transmit?inequality?from?one?generation?to?the?next.

That's?why?school?reform?is?so?critical.?This?is?an?issue?of?equality,?opportunity?and?national?conscience.?It's?not?just?about?education,?but?about?poverty?and?justice.

It's?true?that?the?main?reason?inner-city?schools?do?poorly?isn't?teachers'?unions,?but?poverty.Southern?states?without?strong?teachers'?，unions?have?schools?at?least?as?awful?as?those?in?union?states.?Some?Chicago?teachers?seem?to?think?that?they?shouldn't?be?held?accountable?until?poverty?is?solved.?There're?steps?we?can?take?that?would?make?some?difference,?and?Mayor?Rahm?Emanuel?is?trying?some?of?them—yet?the?union?is?resisting.

I'd?be?sympathetic?if?the?union?focused?solely?on?higher?compensation.?Teachers?need?to?be?much?better?paid?to?attract?the?best?college?graduates?to?the?nation's?worst?schools.?But,instead,?the?Chicago?union?seems?to?be?using?its?political?capital?primarily?to?protect?weak?performers.

There's?solid?evidence?that?there?are?huge?differences?in?the?effectiveness?of?teachers.?The?gold?standard?study?by?Harvard?and?Columbia?University?scholars?found?that?even?in?high-poverty?schools,?teachers?consistently?had?a?huge?positive?or?negative?impact.

Get?a?bottom?1%?teacher,?and?the?effect?is?the?same?as?if?a?child?misses?40%?of?the?school?year.?Get?a?teacher?from?the?top?20%,?and?it's?as?if?a?child?has?gone?to?school?for?an?extra?month?or?two.

The?study?found?that?strong?teachers?in?the?fourth?through?eighth?grades?raised?the?skills?of?their?students?in?ways?that?would?last?for?decades.?Just?having?a?strong?teacher?for?one?elementary?year?left?pupils?a?bit?less?likely?to?become?mothers?as?teenagers,?a?bit?more?likely?to?go?to?college?and?earning?more?money?at?age?28.

How?does?one?figure?out?who?is?a?weak?teacher??Yes,?that's?a?challenge.?But?researchers?are?improving?systems?to?measure?a?teacher's?performance?throughout?the?year,?and,?with?three?years?of?data,?ifs?usually?possible?to?tell?which?teachers?are?failing.

Unfortunately,?the?union?in?Chicago?is?insisting?that?teachers?who?are?laid?off—often?for?being?ineffective—should?get?priority?in?new?hiring.?That's?an?insult?to?students.

Teaching?is?so?important?that?it?should?be?like?other?professions,?with?high?pay?and?good?working?conditions?but?few?job?protections?for?bottom?performers.

This?isn't?a?battle?between?garment?workers?and?greedy?bosses.?The?central?figures?in?the?Chicago?schools?strike?are?neither?strikers?nor?managers?but?350,000?children.?Protecting?the?union?demand?sacrifices?those?students,?in?effect?turning?a?blind?eye?to?the?injustice?in?the?education?system.

?

51.?What?do?we?learn?about?America's?education?system?

A)?It?provides?a?ladder?of?opportunity?for?the?wealthy.

B)?It?contributes?little?to?the?elimination?of?inequality.

C)?It?has?remained?basically?unchanged?for?generations.

D)?It?has?brought?up?generations?of?responsible?citizens.

52.?What?is?chiefly?responsible?for?the?undesirable?performance?of?inner-city?schools?

A)?Unqualified?teachers.?C)?Unfavorable?learning?environment.

B)?Lack?of?financial?resources.?D)?Subconscious?racial?discrimination.

53.?What?does?the?author?think?the?union?should?do?to?win?popular?support?

A)?Assist?the?city?government?in?reforming?schools.?C)?Demand?higher?pay?for?teachers.

B)?Give?constructive?advice?to?inner-city?schools.?D)?Help?teachers?improve?teaching.

54.?What?is?the?finding?of?the?gold?standard?study?by?Harvard?and?Columbia?University?scholars?

A)?Many?inner-city?school?teachers?are?not?equal?to?their?jobs.

B)?A?large?proportion?of?inner-city?children?often?miss?classes.

C)?Many?students?are?dissatisfied?with?their?teachers.

D)?Student?performance?has?a?lot?to?do?with?teachers.

55.?Why?does?the?author?say?the?Chicago?unions?demand?is?an?insult?to?students?

A)?It?protects?incompetent?teachers?at?the?expense?of?students.

B)?It?underestimates?students,?ability?to?tell?good?teachers?from?poor?ones.

C)?It?makes?students?feel?that?they?are?discriminated?against?in?many?ways.

D)?It?totally?ignores?students，initiative?in?the?learning?process.

翻譯Directions:?For?this?part,?you?are?allowed?30?minutes?to?translate?a?passage?from?Chinese?into?English.?You?should?write?your?answer?on?Answer?Sheet?2.

旗袍（qipao）是一種雅致的中國(guó)服裝，源于中國(guó)的滿族（Manchu?Nationality）。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長(zhǎng)袍。上世紀(jì) 20 年代，受西方服飾影響，旗袍發(fā)生了一些變化。袖口（cuffs）變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現(xiàn)。

如今，旗袍經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在世界級(jí)的時(shí)裝秀上。中國(guó)女性出席重要社交聚會(huì)時(shí)，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國(guó)新 也會(huì)選擇旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國(guó)女性的民族服飾。