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寫作的方法有許許多多，但是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作中采用的基本模式都是相同的，本篇攻略中將會(huì)進(jìn)行討論。大多數(shù)文章都會(huì)采用一種重復(fù)的形式，偶爾也叫做“漢堡形文章”。因?yàn)槲恼碌拈_頭段和結(jié)尾段都非常相似，而最重要的信息則在文章的主干部分中。想想看漢堡的樣子：上下兩部分是面包—開頭和結(jié)尾，將漢堡包最重要的部分好好地包裹起來(lái)。

下面是寫作的方法：

1.Select the topic of your essay.

選擇文章的主題。

2.Choose the central idea, or thesis, of your essay. For example: Informationtechnology has revolutionized the way we work.

選擇文章的中心觀點(diǎn)或論點(diǎn)。

3.Outline your essay into introductory, body and summary paragraphs.

概述出你的文章的開頭、主體和總結(jié)段落。

4.The introductory paragraph begins with an interesting sentence. For example: Home workers have grown from 150,000 to over 12 million in the past 5 years thanks to the wonders of the computer. There are a number of types of introductions: Interesting statistics, a quote from a famous person, or a rhetorical question such as "Did you know that ..."

用有趣的句子作為文章的開頭。例如，在過去的五年中，由于有了神奇的電腦，在家辦公的人的數(shù)量從15萬(wàn)增長(zhǎng)到1200萬(wàn)以上。文章開頭的類型還有幾種：有趣的數(shù)據(jù)、對(duì)名人的引述或者一個(gè)反問句，例如“你知道···嗎”。

5.After this first sentence, add your thesis statement from above. The thesis clearly outlines what you hope to express in the essay.[/en

在第一句話之后，可以加上你上面的論點(diǎn)。你的論點(diǎn)可以清楚地概括出你想在文章中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。

[en]6.Use one sentence to introduce every body paragraph to follow. This linking to ideas you will develop further in your body paragraphs provides structure to your essay.

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用一句話來(lái)介紹接下來(lái)的每一個(gè)主體段落，就可以將你在主體段落展開的觀點(diǎn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，并為你的文章提供了結(jié)構(gòu)。

7.Finish the introductory paragraph with a short summary or goal statement. For example: Technological innovation has thus made the traditional workplace obsolete.

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用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的總結(jié)或目的陳述來(lái)結(jié)束開頭段。例如：科技革新使得傳統(tǒng)的工作場(chǎng)所被淘汰。

8. In each of the body paragraphs (usually two or three) the ideas first presented in the introductory paragraph are developed. Remember that referring to ideas first introduced in the initial paragraph provides structure to your essay.

在每一個(gè)主體段落（通常為兩段或三段），在文章開頭介紹的觀點(diǎn)都會(huì)被展開。記住先介紹首段中的觀點(diǎn)可以為你的文章提供結(jié)構(gòu)。

9.Develop your body paragraphs by giving detailed information and examples. For example: When the Internet was first introduced it was used primarily by scientists, now it is common in every classroom.

?通過給出詳細(xì)的信息或例子來(lái)展開你的主題段落。例如：電腦剛被引進(jìn)時(shí)，主要是被科學(xué)家使用，現(xiàn)在它在教室里都已經(jīng)很普及了。

10.Body paragraphs should develop the central idea and finish with a summary of that idea. There should be at least two examples or facts in each body paragraph to support the central idea.

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主體段落應(yīng)該展開中心觀點(diǎn)，并且以將其進(jìn)行總結(jié)來(lái)結(jié)束。每個(gè)主題段落至少應(yīng)該有兩個(gè)例子或事實(shí)來(lái)支持中心觀點(diǎn)。

11.The summary paragraph summarizes your essay and is often a reverse of the introductory paragraph.

?總結(jié)段落對(duì)文章進(jìn)行總結(jié)，與開頭段落相反。

12.Begin the summary paragraph by quickly restating the principal ideas of your body paragraphs. For example: The Internet in the home, benefits and ease of use of modern computer systems...

通過快速重申主體段落中的主要觀點(diǎn)來(lái)開始總結(jié)段落。例如：家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)、現(xiàn)代電腦系統(tǒng)的益處和易操作。

建議：

1.Use strong verbs and avoid modals to state your opinion. It is better to write: The workplace has evolved than The workplace seems to have evolved.

使用表現(xiàn)力強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞，并避免用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述你的觀點(diǎn)。寫“工作場(chǎng)所逐漸形成了”比寫“工作場(chǎng)所好像逐漸形成了”更好。

2.Do not apologize for what you are saying. An essay is about your opinion.

不要為了你所說的話而道歉。文章代表的就是你的觀點(diǎn)。

3.Do not translate from your mother tongue. It will quickly get you into trouble!

不要從你的母語(yǔ)中生搬硬套。這會(huì)很快給你帶來(lái)麻煩。

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。