Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別

一般說來,what/who等含特指意義,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義,意為"無論什么/無論誰"。

It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

解析:答案是B,whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,并且作wants的賓語。這里的 whatever不能改成what,因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的顯然是"無論孩子要什么就給他/她什么事不明智的",具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意,這里 whatever也不能改用no matter what,因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語從句。比較下例:

I can't remember at the moment who has said the words. (這里的who表特定的某人)

Where, when, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,使用的關(guān)鍵是:這個(gè)詞必須符合句子的邏輯要求。

-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

-Is that ____ you had a few days off?

A. why B. when C. that D. where

解析:答案是A,why引導(dǎo)的從句作表語,同時(shí)why在從句中作原因狀語。這里之所以選why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依據(jù)便是句子的邏輯含義,及語境。

"介詞+who(m)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句"與"介詞+ whom"引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別

介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格,決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。

It was a matter of ____ would take the position.

A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

解析:答案是A。這是一個(gè)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句,作介詞of賓語的,是后面的整個(gè)句子,而不是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,由于這里引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以要用主格who(作賓語時(shí)自然要用whom)。

名詞性從句中有插入成分時(shí)

此時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn):一是從句仍然不倒裝,而在插入成分上倒裝;二是要注意主語的主格和賓格的選擇。

____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?

A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think

C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think

解析:根據(jù)上面的講解,不難知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分,其余部分是賓語從句,作think的賓語;由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。

引導(dǎo)詞that的省略

引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that通常可以省略,但引導(dǎo)主語、表語和同位語從句時(shí),that不能省。例如:

China's success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.

A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that

解析:該句中的從句作shows的賓語,是賓語從句,又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗敝?、賓語,所以只能用that引導(dǎo);又因引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)that可以省略,所以答案是C。

同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞where, when的用法特點(diǎn)

說明先行詞內(nèi)容的同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞where, when與被說明的名詞在概念上不一致。但引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞卻必須保持一致。試比較:

1.Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.

2.This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.

A. where B. that C. about which D. in which

解析:答案分別是1.A 2.A/D。先行詞與where, when概念一致時(shí),是定語從句,2題中的house與where同表地點(diǎn),且這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞where或when可以用"介詞+which"的形式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引導(dǎo)。1題中的question與where不表同一概念,可見是同位語從句,所以where不能改用"介詞+which"的形式。