(一)疊詞的種類及基本譯法
疊詞是漢語(yǔ)里使用非常普遍的詞匯現(xiàn)象,一般指詞和詞的重疊使用,多見(jiàn)于三字和四字形式。其主要形式有:1. AA(天天)2.ABB(紅彤彤) 3.AABB(日日夜夜)等~是翻譯的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),下面小編從漢譯英,英譯漢以及英語(yǔ)中的疊詞三個(gè)方面介紹疊詞的翻譯技巧。
一,漢譯英中疊詞的譯法
1.用every或 every- /all/each等詞語(yǔ),例如:
①這些古鎮(zhèn)個(gè)個(gè)都美得令人難以忘懷。
Each one of these ancient towns is hauntingly beautiful. ?
②件件衣服都很漂亮。
All of these suits of clothes are beautiful.
③綠化祖國(guó),人人有責(zé)。
It's everybody's duty to make our motherland green。
2,同一個(gè)詞連續(xù)反復(fù)使用,表達(dá)出重復(fù)或強(qiáng)調(diào)或連續(xù)的含義
(1,)用介詞(after, by, in, to, upon, with等)連接起來(lái)使用,
Day by day I am getting better and better.
我在一天天地好轉(zhuǎn)。
(2,)用and連接
l他們走啊走,走到了森林的深處。
They walked and walked even deeper into the wood.
也可以重復(fù)介詞,如:
l他們走啊,走啊,一直走到河邊。
They went on and on till they came to a river.
(3,)以連宇符連接
l后窗的玻璃上丁丁地響,還有許多小飛蟲亂撞。
A pit-a-pat sounds from the glass of the back window, where insects are dashing themselves against the pane.
(4,)以逗號(hào)(,)隔開(kāi)重疊的詞
它需要許許多多次點(diǎn)擊才能賺到美元。
It takes many, many clicks to earn $ dollars.
我們是聯(lián)盟國(guó)已經(jīng)有許多許多年了。
?We have been alliance ( allies ) for many, many years.
3,形容數(shù)量的多少時(shí),可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
①我們?nèi)齼蓛蓮霓r(nóng)舍散去。
We fanned out from the farmhouse in twos and threes.
②動(dòng)物園的池塘里, 鴛鴦?wù)诔呻p成對(duì)地戲水。
In the zoo pond, the mandarin ducks are swimming in pairs.
③一群一群的人蜂擁而進(jìn)大少。
Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.
④大批大批的物資被立即送往地震災(zāi)區(qū)。
Thousands of goods and materials are immediately sent to the earthquake-stricken area.
4,舍去形式上的對(duì)等,根據(jù)疊詞的本質(zhì)含義來(lái)翻譯,如:“斑斑駁駁”譯為“斑駁”即mottled,這一點(diǎn)翻譯時(shí)比較常見(jiàn)
①那個(gè)老蠢貨。我倒要問(wèn)一問(wèn),她以為她是誰(shuí)呀?
That silly old bat. I ask you, who'd she think she was?(此處的“問(wèn)一問(wèn)”其實(shí)就是“問(wèn)”譯為ask即可,注意同下面第五種情況區(qū)分開(kāi))
或者選擇意思相近的詞語(yǔ),如
②火車徐徐向山上駛?cè)?
Freight trains travel slowly on upgrades into the hills.
(“徐徐”即“慢慢”譯為slowly)
5. 若所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作多為一次或嘗試,則可以用have(make, take , give 等)+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重疊形式,例如:
①你來(lái)聞一聞這酒, 是好的嗎?
Have a smell of this wine; is it all right?
②他去掉害怕心理,決定試一試。
He cast off fear and decided to make a try.
③這個(gè)叫雪花梨, 你嘗嘗。
This is called a snowflake pear, have a taste.
6,使用一些副詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)勢(shì),如:孟嬌的《游子吟》(Amy Lowell譯)
慈母手中線,游子身上衣。
?臨行密密縫,意恐遲遲歸
Thread from the hands of a doting mother,
Worked into the clothes of afar-off journeying son.
Before his departure, were the close, fine stitches set,
Lest haply his return be long delayed.
7,此外,文學(xué)翻譯中還常見(jiàn)使用頭韻,押韻的手法來(lái)表示擬聲詞,多見(jiàn)于詩(shī)歌中,這種手法文學(xué)性較強(qiáng),大家做簡(jiǎn)單了解即可,如:
青青河畔草,郁郁園中柳。(古詩(shī)十九首)
Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow-shoots are long and lank. (Herbert A. Giles譯)
二,英譯漢時(shí)的疊詞
英譯漢時(shí),在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用好疊詞,可以使句子生動(dòng),增強(qiáng)感情色彩。常見(jiàn)的基礎(chǔ)版的疊詞有以下三種:
1 .譯為AA
①The Hunter lights up your window every night.
獵人星夜夜照著你的窗戶。(以“夜夜”這種AA的形式,加重副詞或形容的狀態(tài),延長(zhǎng)譯文的語(yǔ)氣,使之更有韻味)
②She wore a thick tartan skirt and a red cashmere sweater.
她穿了一條厚厚的格子呢裙和一件紅色羊絨衫。(若是譯為“很厚”,譯文的感染力則會(huì)大大下降)
2 .譯為 AABB
①The boys'troubles vanished away, and they went gaily to their posts.
孩子們心中的憂慮云消霧散了, 全都高高興興的走到自己的崗位。
②All I'm hoping for is that wherever Trevor is he will come home safe and sound.
我只希望不管特雷弗在哪里,他都能平平安安回家。(使用AABB式,音韻和諧,瑯瑯上口)
3. 譯為ABB
①We walked leisurely into the hotel.
我們慢悠悠地走回酒店。
②They pried open a sticky can of blue paint.
他們撬開(kāi)了一個(gè)黏糊糊的藍(lán)色油漆桶。(“ABB"通常表示人或事物的狀態(tài),疊詞的使用使得這種形象或狀態(tài)更加生動(dòng)鮮明)
三,英語(yǔ)中的疊詞
不僅漢語(yǔ)中有疊詞出現(xiàn),英語(yǔ)中作者為了強(qiáng)調(diào),加深讀者印象,追求音韻美和形式美,也常常采用疊詞,例如:
①black and blue譯為“青一塊紫一塊”(首字母相似或頭韻效果的詞)
②on and off“時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)”(由意義完全相反的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成)
③safe and sound“安然無(wú)恙”(意義相近的兩個(gè)詞組成)
④out and out“徹頭徹尾”(由完全相同的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成)
使用這些詞可以增加譯文或文章的可讀性,使文章更加地道有文采,要做到這點(diǎn),就要我們?cè)谌粘I钪胁粩喾e累。
總之,疊詞是翻譯中的一個(gè)大塊,作為譯者,掌握運(yùn)用好這一方法,對(duì)于提高翻譯水平無(wú)疑是大有裨益的。