Depression may be harder to treat in people with high-status jobs than it is in people whose positions are on lower levels of the corporate ladder, a new study suggests.
最近有一項(xiàng)研究表明，職位越高的人相比于職位較低的人，更難以擺脫抑郁癥的困擾。

Researchers studied how 650 people in Belgium, Italy, Israel and Austria responded to treatments for depression. About half (56 percent) of the 336 patients with high-status jobs didn’t experience fewer depressive symptoms after undergoing two rounds of different antidepressants and psychotherapy. About 40 percent of people with mid- to low-level jobs showed a poor response to the treatment, according to research presented last month at the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress in Vienna.
研究人員研究了來(lái)自比利時(shí)，意大利，以色列和奧地利的650名患者的抑郁癥治療效果。在高職的336位抑郁癥患者中，有大約一半（56%）的人表示：即使經(jīng)過(guò)了2個(gè)療程的不同抗抑郁癥藥物和心理治療，也沒(méi)有感受到抑郁的情緒有所緩解。在中低職位的人群中，大約40%的患者認(rèn)為治療無(wú)效。這些數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果均來(lái)自上個(gè)月維也納歐洲神經(jīng)精神藥理學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)布的研究。

Previous research and clinical trials have found that about one-third of people with depression generally don’t respond to their first antidepressant treatment. Some see their symptoms improve after a second round with a different type of antidepressant, but a considerable number of patients remain treatment-resistant.
通過(guò)初期的研究和臨床試驗(yàn)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有三分之一抑郁癥患者首次服用抗抑郁藥物的治療作用不大。雖然一部分患者在第二個(gè)療程時(shí)服用別的抗抑郁藥物后癥狀有了改善，不過(guò)這些藥物對(duì)相當(dāng)一部分患者依然無(wú)效。

The finding that high-status occupations are linked with a poorer chance of recovery is somewhat surprising. Most studies have looked at the prevalence of depression in different social classes, consistently finding that depression is more common among people with lower socioeconomic status. The new study suggests that even if people in occupations with higher status and wages are less likely to develop depression, they may be harder to treat when they do.
對(duì)于研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了高職患者難以恢復(fù)的現(xiàn)象，在某種程度上是挺讓人吃驚的。因?yàn)榍叭舜蠖鄶?shù)的研究關(guān)注于不同社會(huì)階級(jí)人群的抑郁癥流行現(xiàn)象，大都一致地得出低收入水平人群更容易出現(xiàn)抑郁癥的結(jié)論。而最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然高薪高職的人群患抑郁癥的幾率相對(duì)較低，但是一旦患上了抑郁癥，他們想要擺脫的難度卻更大。

“A number of variables may explain these findings,” co-author Siegfried Kasper, a psychiatrist at the Medical University of Vienna, said in a press statement. “There may be specific working environment demands and stressors; people may find it difficult to accept or cope with illness, or to continue with medication; or there may be other factors, related for example to cognitive, personality and behavioral differences.”
Siegfried Kasper是來(lái)自維也納醫(yī)科大學(xué)的精神病醫(yī)生，也是本次的研究人員之一，他在發(fā)布的新聞稿中表示：“解釋這些現(xiàn)象需要考慮多種變動(dòng)的因素：某種特定的工作環(huán)境要求和壓力源；人們可能對(duì)于疾病或治療產(chǎn)生抗拒的心理；或者還有其他的因素，與認(rèn)知相關(guān)的因素，與個(gè)人性格和行為差異相關(guān)等的因素?！?/div>

Carol Landau, a clinical professor of psychiatry and medicine at Brown University who wasn’t involved in the study, said she agrees that the stress of being a high executive could potentially explain the findings.
Carol Landau是美國(guó)布朗大學(xué)精神病理和藥理的臨床教授，她雖然沒(méi)有參與本次研究，不過(guò)她也認(rèn)為高職的壓力也能作為解釋這種現(xiàn)象的潛在因素。

“When you have a high-status job, you are probably more exposed to a lot more stress and responsibility,” she told The Huffington Post. “Although it seems to me that if you are a woman taking care of her children alone that may involve even more stress.”
“當(dāng)你處于高職，你可能就要承受更多壓力，承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任?！彼龑?duì)《赫芬頓報(bào)》表示。“雖然對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，照顧孩子的單親媽媽的壓力也許會(huì)更大?！?/div>

Sleep deprivation and personality traits may affect how people respond to treatment, Landau added.
睡眠不足和個(gè)人性格特征也有可能影響治療的效果，Landau補(bǔ)充道。

“A lot of folks who are in high-status jobs are extremely perfectionistic,” she said. “Medication will help a lot of things ― your appetite, sleep, concentration, and rumination to a certain extent ― but it’s not going to affect being self-critical.”
她表示：“許多高職的朋友都是重度完美主義者。雖然藥物可以治療許多癥狀——胃口，睡眠，注意力，一定程度的反思能力，但對(duì)于吹毛求疵卻一點(diǎn)都不管用?！?/div>

A perfectionistic executive may base his or her self-worth on how well business goals are met, meaning professional failures could take a personal toll.
一個(gè)完美主義的管理者會(huì)根據(jù)他/她的自我價(jià)值來(lái)評(píng)估工作目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)程度，這就意味著職業(yè)上的失敗就會(huì)危及個(gè)人自尊。

“They’d get into self-criticism. They don’t say that ‘maybe I didn’t make that data point on dividend, but I’m still a good person overall,’” Landau said. “They are so focused on the perfectionism that they sort of lose the forest for the trees, and so they might respond poorly to any sense of failure.”
Landau表示：“他們可能會(huì)鉆進(jìn)自我挑刺的牛角尖，他們不會(huì)說(shuō)‘雖然我的業(yè)績(jī)不達(dá)標(biāo)，但我還是很有能力的。’。他們十分追求完美，他們寧可為了一棵樹(shù)放棄整片森林，所以他們可能會(huì)消極對(duì)待任何挫折?！?/div>

Sleep is another factor that often gets overlooked in research but could influence how well people respond to treatment, Landau said. One recent study in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that people who slept for two or more hours a night compared to their peers were twice as likely to respond to antidepressants.
Landau還表示，睡眠是另外一個(gè)容易在研究中忽視的重要因素，影響著人們對(duì)治療的效果程度?！杜R床精神病學(xué)雜志》最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，抗抑郁癥藥物對(duì)于晚上只睡2個(gè)多小時(shí)的人們更有效果，與他們的同齡人相比的話。

“I’m willing to guess executives get less sleep than other people,” Landau said.
“我推測(cè)管理者們比其他人睡得更少?！盠andau表示道。

More research is needed to understand what factors truly drive the professional gap recovery. But for now, these findings suggest that clinicians may need to take into account the occupational level of their patients, the researchers said.
為了更深入探究影響職業(yè)人群抑郁癥恢復(fù)情況差異的因素，還需要進(jìn)行大量相關(guān)的研究。不過(guò)通過(guò)此項(xiàng)研究，現(xiàn)在醫(yī)師們也應(yīng)該考慮一下患者們的職業(yè)水平了，據(jù)研究人員表示。

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