本文選自吳應(yīng)時(shí)主編的《大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀真題精讀——晨讀伴侶》。本書對(duì)歷年國家大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試（CET-6）的仔細(xì)閱讀部分進(jìn)行了詳盡而精準(zhǔn)的分析、翻譯和注釋，對(duì)四六級(jí)考生有著事半功倍的效果，對(duì)提升整體英語能力也很有幫助。
學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)讀：
高校是社會(huì)科技創(chuàng)新的主體，那么高新技術(shù)的資金來源是什么呢？通過產(chǎn)業(yè)化來賣科技產(chǎn)品亦或是靠政府財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼？這篇文章就這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的探討。不論是象牙塔中的學(xué)者還是市場(chǎng)海洋中的商人，都對(duì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)感受頗深?；蛟S我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)急于求成要求削減政府對(duì)高校的補(bǔ)貼，但也不能毫無憐惜地將納稅人的血汗錢源源不斷地投入到臃腫的高校之中。究竟該如何解決效率和公平的問題呢，閱讀本文之后不妨思考一下。趁著在象牙塔之中，可以肆無忌憚天馬行空地指點(diǎn)江山、激揚(yáng)文字、揮斥方遒，這才是青春。
A recurring1?criticism (of the UK’s university sector) is its perceived weakness [in translating new knowledge] [into new products and services].
由于人們認(rèn)為英國高校在將新知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為新型產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)方面軟弱無力，英國高校屢受批評(píng)。
注：1. recurring adj. 循環(huán)的；再發(fā)的。例：
The lyrics are darker, dealing with recurring themes of death and loneliness.
歌詞更加黑暗，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于死亡與孤寂的主題。
Yahoo’s delays in seizing such opportunities have been a recurring problem during the past decade.
在過去的十年中，雅虎把握這類機(jī)會(huì)上總是慢一拍的問題，已不是一次兩次了。
[選自：NPR: Yahoo Hopes To Reach Readers With IPad Magazine]
Recurring revenue 【會(huì)計(jì)】經(jīng)常性收入。例：
Recurring revenue is the best form of revenue.
經(jīng)常性收入是收入的最好形式。
[Recently], the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place [among the world leaders] [in stem cell research] [unless adequate?1?funding and legislation?2?could be assured?3.] We should take this concern [seriously] [as universities are key [in the national innovation system].]
最近，英國國家干細(xì)胞網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)出警告稱，如果再?zèng)]有足夠的資金和立法保障，英國將會(huì)失去其在干細(xì)胞研究領(lǐng)域的世界領(lǐng)先地位。我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)肅看待這個(gè)問題，因?yàn)楦咝Ｊ且粋€(gè)國家創(chuàng)新體系的關(guān)鍵。
注：1. adequate adj. 足夠的，充分的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?。例?/p>
I had an adequate amount of food for ten people.
我準(zhǔn)備的食物足夠是個(gè)人進(jìn)餐。
But the High Court ruled that Malaysia did not offer adequate protection for refugees.
不過高等法院判決馬來西亞沒有為難民提供充分的保護(hù)。
[選自：BBC: Australia migrants: Gillard to pursue Malaysia swaps]
be adequate for適合于...
【派】adequately(adv.足夠地)；inadequate(adj.不充分的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)?
2. legislation n.法律，法規(guī)；立法。例：
introduce a new legislation 推行新法規(guī)
Congress updated the obsolete commerce legislation.
國會(huì)更新了陳舊的商業(yè)法規(guī)。
Legislation is the job of the legislative branch of government.
立法是政府立法機(jī)關(guān)的職責(zé)。
3. assure vt. 使確信，使放心；保證，擔(dān)保。例：
The manager assured the customer that his complain would be solved immediately.
經(jīng)理向這位顧客保證將立刻解決他的投訴。
“I can assure society, I can assure Mexico that we are prepared,” he said.
我確信全社會(huì)和墨西哥已準(zhǔn)備就緒。
[選自：BBC: Analysis: Mexico's drug wars continue]
an assure income有保證的收入
[However], we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint?1?{that the sector does not do [enough] [in taking ideas to market].} (The most recent comparative?2) data (on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK) shows that, [from a relatively weak starting position], the UK [now] leads on many indicators?3?(of commercialisation?4?activity). ?
然而，對(duì)于“高校沒能盡力將創(chuàng)意投入市場(chǎng)”這種輕率的抱怨，我們不得不提出質(zhì)疑。關(guān)于澳大利亞、加拿大、美國、英國各高校和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的業(yè)績表現(xiàn)的最新對(duì)比數(shù)據(jù)顯示，雖然英國在起步階段表現(xiàn)較弱，但如今它在許多商業(yè)化活動(dòng)方面都處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。
注：1. complaint n. 抱怨，訴苦；申訴；疾病。例：
The consumer state the complaint firmly to the shop manager.
那位顧客義正辭嚴(yán)地向商店經(jīng)理提出了申訴。
Could that mean that her earlier complaint was as trivial as her later one?
那這可以理解成她之前的控訴跟之后的控訴一樣都微不足道么？
[第一個(gè)that為代詞，指代某個(gè)事情，第二個(gè)that作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。]
[選自：WSJ: The Krugman Standard]
2. comparative adj.比較的，相當(dāng)?shù)?。例?/p>
comparative prices可比價(jià)格
I want to take achievement anatomy this year.
今年我想選修比較解剖學(xué)這門課。
comparative validity相對(duì)效度
【派】comparatively(adv.比較地，相當(dāng)?shù)?
【參】compatible(adj.協(xié)調(diào)的)
3. indicator n.指示者，指示劑，指標(biāo)；轉(zhuǎn)向燈。例：
The number of wells is a fair indicator of the demand for water.
水井的數(shù)量能較準(zhǔn)確地反映需求量的大小。
4. commercialisation n.商業(yè)化。例：
He said that the commercialisation of genetically modified crops requires this law.
他說轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的商業(yè)化需要這部法律。
Twitter might cope better with the creeping commercialisation than other social media sites, he said.
推特可能可以比其它社交媒體網(wǎng)站那緩慢的商業(yè)化方面做得更好。
[選自：BBC: Twitter followers 'can be bought']
【參】commercial(adj./n.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的；廣告)
[When viewed at the national level], the policy interventions?1?(of the past decade) have helped transform the performance (of UK universities). Evidence suggests the UK’s position is [much] stronger [than in the recent past] and is [still] showing improvement. But national data masks?2?the very large variation [in the performance] (of individual universities). The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off?3?the back (of the pack), a few perform [strongly] and the rest chase?4?the leaders.
從全國范圍來看，過去十年的政策干預(yù)已經(jīng)提高了英國高校的（科技）轉(zhuǎn)化表現(xiàn)。有證據(jù)表明英國的地位較之不久前明顯加強(qiáng)，并且仍在繼續(xù)上升。但是全國性數(shù)據(jù)也掩飾了高校與高校之間（科技）轉(zhuǎn)化表現(xiàn)的參差不齊。證據(jù)顯示許多高校在該領(lǐng)域確實(shí)已經(jīng)處于落后地位——少數(shù)高校表現(xiàn)突出，其他高校則只能抓緊追趕。
注：1. intervention n.介入，干涉。例：
It often takes military intervention to halt genocide.
通常需要軍事干涉來停止種族滅絕。
President Obama's intervention in Libya, achieving a similar result, cost just over a billion.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就利比亞局勢(shì)的介入取得了相似的結(jié)果，花費(fèi)了十億多一點(diǎn)。
[選自：BBC: PJ Crowley: 10 questions for the Republican candidates]
2. mask n. 面具，面罩。
vi. 掩飾；戴面具；化裝
vt. 掩飾；戴面具；使模糊。文中為及物動(dòng)詞。例：
Dina lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation.
黛娜點(diǎn)燃了一支煙，試圖掩飾她的不安。
One of the books doesn’t attempt to mask disdain for Darwin and evolutionary science.
其中有一本書毫不掩飾其對(duì)達(dá)爾文及其進(jìn)化論的鄙夷。
[選自：MSN: Top home-school texts dismiss Darwin - US news – Education]
3. fall off 跌落，減少，下降。例：
We knew that the numbers of overseas students would fall off drastically.
我們知道出國留學(xué)的人數(shù)將會(huì)急劇減少。
4. chase v.(after)追逐，追求。例：
Martin intends to chase after the girl he met in the library.
馬丁想追求他曾在圖書館遇到的那個(gè)女孩。
Bruce caught the chief after a short chase and beat him.
剛追了幾步，布魯斯就抓住了小偷還揍了他一頓。
When the desire to chase returns goes unchecked, investors often engage in aggressive trading.
當(dāng)追求回報(bào)率的渴望不受抑制，投資者們往往陷入激進(jìn)的交易之中。
[選自：FORBES: The Cost of Emotional Investing]
【參】purchase(vt./n. 買，購買)
This type (of uneven distribution) is [not] peculiar?1?[to the UK] and is mirrored [across other economies]. [In the UK], research is concentrated: less than?2?25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are [also] the institutions (producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations?3, patents?4?and licence?5?income). The effect (of policies) (generating long-term resource concentration) has [also] created a distinctive?6?set (of universities) (which are research-led?7and commercially active.) It seems clear that the concentration (of research and commercialisation work) creates differences (between universities).
這種分布不均的現(xiàn)象不是只有英國獨(dú)有，其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體也反映出這種現(xiàn)象。在英國，科學(xué)研究十分集中：全國不到25%的高校卻得到75%的科研資金。這些高校培養(yǎng)出的博士、產(chǎn)生的科學(xué)著作、專利以及授權(quán)收入也最多。使得資源長期集中的政策也同時(shí)催生了一部分以科研為主導(dǎo)、積極商業(yè)化做得不錯(cuò)的高校?？茖W(xué)研究和商業(yè)化活動(dòng)的集中造成高校之間的能力差異，這一點(diǎn)似乎顯而易見。
注：1. peculiar adj.古怪的，異常的；特殊的，特有的。例：
A peculiar noise from the forest scared us.
森林中傳來的怪聲把我們嚇壞了。
His friend Thomas Jefferson Hogg caught him one day making a peculiar dish called panada.
他的朋友Thomas Jefferson Hogg 有一天抓住他并做了一道名叫panada(面糊)的奇怪的菜。
[選自：ECONOMIST: Sugar]
peculiar to...特有的，獨(dú)具的
Language is peculiar to mankind.
語言是人類所特有的。
【派】peculiarity(n.怪癖；特性)
【參】particular(adj.特殊的)
2. less than 少于，不足。例：
Major airlines boarding domestic flights of less than 70 percent rate.
各大航空公司的國內(nèi)航班上客率不足70%。
【參】no less than 不亞于，竟達(dá)...之多
3. citation n.表彰，嘉獎(jiǎng)令；引述，引文。文中指引用。例：
One thing that's very important to note: we must provide a citation for every question we write.
需要注意的重要一點(diǎn)是：我們必須為我們編寫的每個(gè)問題提供一段引文。
4. patent adj.專利的，特許的。例：
These patent drugs must not be sold in other stores.
這些特許藥不得在其他商店銷售。
n. 專利，專利品，專利權(quán)。文中為名詞。例：
It is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one.
買舊的專利要比新的專利便宜許多。
patent holder專利持有者；patent office專利局 ?
vt. 批準(zhǔn)專利，獲得專利。例：
The company has patented many new inventions.
這家公司已經(jīng)獲得許多新發(fā)明的專利權(quán)。
【參】potent(adj.有力的)
5. license/licence n.許可證，執(zhí)照。例：
drive license駕駛執(zhí)照
My drive license has been revoked again for speeding.
我因?yàn)槌亳{駛再次被吊銷執(zhí)照。
vt. 準(zhǔn)許，認(rèn)可。例：
The Turner’s is the only shop that is licensed to sell tobacco in this town.
特納商店是這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上唯一被許可經(jīng)營煙草的商店。
6. distinctive adj. 有特色的，與眾不同的。例：
The new order had several distinctive features.
新的秩序有幾個(gè)鮮明的特點(diǎn)。
Each of the places we note has a distinctive way of balancing tradition and innovation.
我們所標(biāo)注的每個(gè)地方對(duì)于保持傳統(tǒng)與創(chuàng)新的平衡有著獨(dú)到的途徑。
[選自：WSJ: The Best Krémes in Budapest, Hungary]
【參】distinct(adj.清楚的，截然不同的)；distinction(n.差別，區(qū)分)
7. research-led 以科研為主導(dǎo)的。這是一種構(gòu)詞方法，以什么為導(dǎo)向只需要將該導(dǎo)向后面加一個(gè)led或oriented即可。如以患者為導(dǎo)向，patient-led。例：
In this trend, digital clock, multifunction clock has become the modern design of the production of research-led direction.
在這種趨勢(shì)下，時(shí)鐘的數(shù)字化、 多功能化已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代時(shí)鐘生產(chǎn)研究的主導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)方向。
The core objective for universities (which are research-led) must be to maximise?1?the impact (of their research efforts). These universities should be generating the widest range (of social, economic and environmental benefits). [In return for?2?the scale of investment], they should share their expertise?3?[in order to build greater confidence] [in the sector].
以研究為主導(dǎo)的高校，其核心目標(biāo)必須是使其研究成果的影響最大化。這些高校應(yīng)該最大限度地創(chuàng)造社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境效益。為了回報(bào)國家給予的巨額投入，他們應(yīng)該同其他高校分享專業(yè)技術(shù)知識(shí)，增強(qiáng)全國高校的整體信心。
注：1. maximise vt. 使（某事）增至最大限度；最大限度地利用（某物）。例：
How can I maximise my chance of success?
如何可以使我的成功機(jī)會(huì)最大化？
But in the long term, we want people to grow on eBay and maximise their profits.
但長遠(yuǎn)來看，我們想提高易趣網(wǎng)的人數(shù)，以及讓他們的利潤最大化。
[選自：BBC: NEWS | Business | eBay's 10-year rise to world fame]
2. in return for 作為...的回報(bào)。例：
The idea is to secure more flexibility for employers,in return for greater efforts to improve training and salaries for employees.[/en
]辦法是給雇主更多靈活性，作為回報(bào)，他們更加努力改善雇員們的培訓(xùn)和薪水。
3. expertise n. 專門知識(shí)（或技能等），專長。例：
managerial expertise管理方法，管理專門知識(shí)
[en]You must have expertise to achieve our goal.
你必須具備專業(yè)技能才能達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)。
Big corporations usually bring much needed business expertise and entrepreneurial skills to developing countries.
大企業(yè)往往帶來很多所需的經(jīng)管專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能以發(fā)展國家。
[選自：BBC: You are in: Talking Point]
Part of the economic recovery?1?(of the UK) will be driven [by the next generation] (of research commercialization) [spilling out of?2?our universities]. There are three dozen universities [in the UK] (which are [actively] engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.)
英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興，一部分要依靠來自高校的下一代人的科研商業(yè)化活動(dòng)。目前英國有36所高校積極參與高級(jí)科研培訓(xùn)和科研商業(yè)化工作。
注：1. recovery n. 痊愈，復(fù)原；重獲，恢復(fù)。例：
Economic recovery經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇
That’s unusual for an economic recovery, when state, local and federal governments typically hire workers.
洲政府、地方政府和聯(lián)邦政府主要雇傭工人，這對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇來說是很不常見的。
[選自：NPR: Modest Improvement For Job Market In October]
make a recovery from... 從...中痊愈
The film told a story about the recovery of a fallen city.
這部影片講述了收復(fù)一個(gè)淪陷城市的故事。
recovery of good vision.良好的視力的恢復(fù)
【派】recoverable(adj.可痊愈的；可收回的)
2. spill out of 流露出，灑出。例：
All things he’d want his parents to know were starting to spill out of him.
所有他想讓他父母知道的事情開始從他的口中流露出來。
People spill out of their homes and shops to stare at this progression of children marching between two soldiers.
人們從家中、從商店中出來，盯著向前行軍的孩子們看，孩子們兩邊都有士兵。
[選自：CNN: Goodbye, Saigon]
[If there was a greater coordination?1?(of technology) transfer?2?offices [within regions] and (a simultaneous?3) investment [in the scale] and functions (of our graduate schools),] universities could, and should, play a key role (in positioning the UK) [for the next growth cycle].
如果可以更好地協(xié)調(diào)各區(qū)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化部門，同步投資高校的擴(kuò)建和功能，高校將能夠并且應(yīng)該在促使英國進(jìn)入下一生產(chǎn)周期的過程中起關(guān)鍵作用。
注：1. coordination n.協(xié)調(diào)，和諧。例：
Their main problems are the coordination with other arms in the battlefield.
他們的主要問題是如何在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上與其他兵種協(xié)調(diào)。
Meanwhile, out on the field, the German team showed off an impressive coordination and nonstop effort.
與此同時(shí)，在場(chǎng)外，德國隊(duì)員們展示了令人印象深刻的協(xié)調(diào)合作以及不曾停息的努力。
[選自：WSJ: Women's World Cup: No Place Like Home for Germany]
2. transfer vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓，過戶。例：
transfer property to sb.把財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給某人
People start transferring a large part of their activities to the web nowadays.
現(xiàn)在，人們開始把自己大部分活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)移到網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行。
I transferred the ownership of my house to my son.
我把房子的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)到我兒子名下。
vi. 轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)；調(diào)動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)職。例：
Mary transferred to study at Harvard University,majoring in sociology.
瑪麗轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到哈佛大學(xué)，主修社會(huì)學(xué)。
n. 轉(zhuǎn)變。例：
China was undergoing the transfer from agricultural power to industrial power.
中國正從農(nóng)業(yè)大國向工業(yè)大國轉(zhuǎn)變。
【派】transferable(adj.可轉(zhuǎn)移的，可轉(zhuǎn)換的)
3. simultaneous adj. 同時(shí)發(fā)生的，同時(shí)存在的，同步的。例：
Simultaneous interpretation will be provided in the six official languages of the United Nations.
聯(lián)合國將以六門官方語言提供同聲傳譯。
[選自：UNCTAD: Notification]
