The Metropolitan Museum of Art opened an exhibition on the Pre-Raphaelites of the 19th century last week, with 30 pieces showing wistful figures in draped clothing often surrounded with flowers. But while the floral touches might seem like colorful accents to us, to Victorians there was a language in the flowers.
上周，美國大都會博物館舉辦了一場19世紀前拉斐爾派畫展，展出的30幅作品中，裹著長袍的畫中人凝神靜思，身邊往往鮮花簇擁。雖然畫中的花朵對我們來說看上去像多彩的點綴，但對維多利亞時期的人來說，花兒們有其獨特的花語。

Daffodils
黃水仙花

Daffodils, with their sunny hues, could mean unrequited love and chivalry, and here rest alongside the scrap of sheet music in Rossetti's "Veronica Veronese" (1872).
黃水仙擁有陽光的色澤，可以象征單相思和騎士精神。在羅賽蒂的《維羅妮卡·維羅納》（1872）中，黃水仙花放置于曲譜之上。

Apple Blossoms
蘋果花

An apple blossom could mean good fortune, the promise of better things ahead, or preference, and here Rossetti wraps an idolized woman from a Giovanni Boccaccio poem in its blooms.
蘋果花可以象征好運、未來會更好的承諾或者偏愛。在這里，羅賽蒂把喬萬尼·薄伽丘詩歌中一位偶像化的女子卷裹于蘋果花之中。

Roses
玫瑰花

Still a common symbol, roses for the Victorians also meant love. Depending on their color, they could indicate the deepness or innocence of that love, ranging from white for purity to burgundy for an unconscious adoration. Here they are pink in a vase in a Rossetti study.
玫瑰花至今仍是常用的示愛之花，對維多利亞時期的人來說它也表示愛情。不同顏色的玫瑰花可以代表愛的深度或純度，從象征天真的白玫瑰到象征無意識愛戀的紫紅玫瑰，不一而足。在羅賽蒂的書房里，花瓶里插的玫瑰是粉紅色的。

Hawthorn
山楂花

Hawthorn was used to symbolize hope, and also could be used as a charm against magic. Here Merlin is tangled in its branches in an 1874 painting by Edward Burne-Jones.
山楂花既用于象征希望，也用于象征對抗魔法的咒語。在愛德華·伯恩－瓊斯這幅1874年的畫作中，梅林法師被山楂樹枝纏住了。

Daisies
雛菊花

When John Everett Millais painted the doomed Ophelia of Shakespeare's Hamlet, he gave her all the flowers of the original text in the lush scene of death. Included are daisies for innocence, which could also symbolize purity and even "farewell."
約翰·埃弗里特·米萊斯在依照莎士比亞的《哈姆雷特》來創(chuàng)作這幅逝世的奧菲莉婭時，他按照原文為她描畫了簇擁的花朵，表現(xiàn)出濃郁的死亡氣息。這其中就包括象征天真的雛菊，它同時還可以象征純潔以及“再見”。

The Poppy
罌粟花

Seen in the bottom right corner of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's "Lady Lilith" (1867) — which is crowded with symbolic flowers — the red poppy often meant imagination and eternal sleep, but also pleasure.
在但丁·加百利·羅賽蒂這幅畫滿象征性花朵的《莉莉斯小姐》中，我們可以在畫面右下角看到紅色的罌粟花，它通常表示想象和永恒的沉睡，但也象征歡樂。

The Language of Flower Names
可以用作人名的花兒的花語

ACACIA - Concealed Love; Beauty in Retirement; Chaste Love
金合歡：隱藏的愛；隱退之美；貞潔的愛

AMARYLLIS - Pride; Pastoral Poetry
石蒜花：驕傲；田園詩

ASTER - Symbol of Love: Daintiness
紫菀花：愛的象征；文雅

AZALEA - Take Care of Yourself for Me; Temperance; Fragile Passion
杜鵑花：為了我而保重；節(jié)制；易逝的熱情

BLUEBELL - Humility
風(fēng)鈴花：謙恭

CAMELLIA - Admiration; Perfection; Good Luck
山茶花：傾慕；完美；好運

GARDENIA - You're Lovely; Secret Love
梔子花：你很可愛；秘密的愛

HEATHER - Admiration; Solitude
石南花：傾慕；孤獨

HYACINTH Purple - I Am Sorry; Please Forgive Me; Sorrow
風(fēng)信子（紫色）：對不起；請原諒我；悲傷

IRIS - Your Friendship Means So Much to Me; Faith; Hope; Wisdom; My Compliments
鳶尾花：你的友情對我來說如此重要；信念；智慧；我的贊美

IVY - Wedded Love; Fidelity; Friendship; Affection
常青藤：夫婦之愛；忠誠；友誼；熱愛

JONQUIL - Love Me; Affection Returned; Desire; Sympathy
長壽花：愛我；回報的愛；欲望；同情

LILY White - Virginity; Purity; Majesty; It's Heavenly to Be with You
百合（白色）：貞潔；純潔；莊嚴；和你在一起是無上的快樂

MAGNOLIA - Nobility
玉蘭：高貴

MARIGOLD – Cruelty; Grief; Jealousy
金盞花：殘酷；悲痛；嫉妒

ORCHID - Love; Beauty; Refinement; Beautiful Lady
蘭花：愛；美；精致；美麗的女人

PEONY - Shame; Gay Life; Happy Marriage
牡丹：羞愧；快樂的生活；美滿的婚姻

PETUNIA - Resentment; Anger; Your Presence Soothes me
矮牽牛：憎恨；憤怒；你的存在予我以慰藉

PRIMROSE - I Can't Live Without You
月見草：我不能沒有你

TULIP - Perfect Lover; Fame
郁金香：完美愛人；名譽

VIOLET- Modesty
紫羅蘭：謙遜

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