學(xué)問與趣味Learning and Personal Inclination

梁實秋 Liang Shiqiu

| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選一》

前輩的學(xué)者常以學(xué)問的趣味啟迪后生，因為他們自己實在是得到了學(xué)問的趣味，故不惜現(xiàn)身說法，誘導(dǎo)后學(xué)，使他們也在愉快的心情之下走進(jìn)學(xué)問的大門。
Scholars of the older generation often urge young people to develop interest in learning because they themselves have been enjoying the real pleasure of academic studies.?And they are ever ready to cite their own example by way of advice, in hopes of enabling young people to gain access to scholarship in an enjoyable way.

要點：
1，“啟迪”,通常譯為enlighten,但在此處它的意思是“勸告某人做某事”因此譯為urge sb to do
2，“不惜現(xiàn)身說法，誘導(dǎo)后學(xué)”譯為And they are ever ready to cite their own example by way of advice o“不惜”原意“舍得”，在此可作“樂于”解，故譯為ever ready,等于 always prepared o “誘導(dǎo)后學(xué)”譯為by way of advice即可，其中by way of是成語，作“為了”解，等于for the purpose of.（在《我坐了木船》中我們也見過此君~
3，“現(xiàn)身說法”意即“以他們自己做栗子”,譯為cite their own example~
4，“誘導(dǎo)后學(xué)”中的“誘導(dǎo)”譯得也很含蓄~譯為in hopes of enable sb to do
5, “走進(jìn)學(xué)問的大門”也可直譯為to enter the gate of learning。現(xiàn)譯為to gain access to scholarship，其中to gain access to是慣用搭配，作“進(jìn)入’，、“到達(dá)，，解。第二個用法表示“獲得”在非文學(xué)翻譯中也常常使用，如：With a simple search, you can gain access to knowledge about almost any subject out there.
簡單一搜，你便能得到幾乎任何話題的大量知識。

綜述：本篇文章的用詞和現(xiàn)代理解都略有偏差，童鞋們翻譯時小心~

例如，瘓任公先生就說過:“我是個主張趣味主義的人，倘若用化學(xué)化分‘梁啟超’這件東西，把里頭所含一種原素名叫‘趣味’的抽出來，只怕所剩下的僅有個零了?！比喂壬⒅厝の?，學(xué)問甚是淵博，而并不存有任何外在的動機，只是“無所為而為”，故能有他那樣的成就。
For example, the distinguished scholar Liang Qichao once said wittily, "I always stand for interest-ism. If you broke down Liang Qichao's stuff into its component parts, there would be nothing left except an element named `interest'." Mr. Liang was a man of profound learning who attached much importance to interest. He attained great academic success because he pursued scholarly study solely for its own sake, without any ulterior motive.

要點：
1，“梁任公先生就說過”譯為the distinguished scholar Liang Qichao once said wittily，梁啟超 號“任公”，現(xiàn)譯梁的全名為Liang Qichao，并在前面加distinguished scholar，便于外國讀者理解梁為何許人。譯文還針對上下文添加wittily(風(fēng)趣地)一詞,屬增譯~
2，“趣味主義”譯為interest-ism，其中ism乃表達(dá)“主義”而采用的英語后綴
3，“倘若用化學(xué)化分‘梁啟超’這件東西”譯為If you broke down Liang Qichao's stuff into its component parts，其中短語動詞broke down意即“分解”= to decompose ，例如Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen。
4，“無所為而為”譯為for its own sake=for the sake of scholarly study ,這個詞我們不是第一次見到了~在《中年人的寂寞》和《話說短文》中也有類似表達(dá)~

綜述：注意“倘若用化學(xué)化分…”這類“讀完整個人都不太好了”的“病句”，轉(zhuǎn)為符合現(xiàn)代語法的句子再譯~

一個人在學(xué)問上果能感覺到趣味，有時真會像是著了魔一般，真能廢寢忘食，真能不知老之將至，苦苦鉆研，鍥而不舍，在學(xué)問上焉能不有收獲?
A man who is really interested in learning sometimes does act like one possessed. He forgets his approaching old age and works hard even to the neglect of his meals and sleep. Isn't it but natural for a man of such devotion to have great scholarly achievements?

要點：
1，“像是著了魔一般“譯為like one possessed，possessed意為”著魔的，鬼迷心竅的“，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為”be possessed of意為“具有（某種品質(zhì)，能力）”此時possessed表示“擁有的，占有的”
2，“不知老之將至“=forget one’s approaching age，”廢寢忘食“=neglect one’s meal and sleep ,此處根據(jù)根據(jù)意思直接翻譯~保留了原文生動的比喻
3，“苦苦鉆研，鍥而不舍“提取核心意思，意譯為work hard to~
4, “在學(xué)問上焉能不有收獲?”又是我們之前說過的反問句，此處譯為一般疑問句，Isn't it but natural for a man of such devotion to have great scholarly achievements?轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句即It is natural for a man of such devotion to have great scholarly .

綜述：注意本段對四字短語的直譯和意譯，便于讀者理解的成語可以直譯，兩個意思相近的四字詞要提取共同的，核心的意思，進(jìn)行意譯~

不過我嘗想，以任公先生而論，他后期的著述如歷史研究法，先秦政治思想史，以及有關(guān)墨子佛學(xué)陶淵明的作品，都可說是他的一點“趣味”在驅(qū)使著他，可是在他在年青的時候，從師受業(yè)，誦讀典籍(8)，那時節(jié)也全然是趣味么?作八股文，作試帖詩(9)而言莫非也是趣味么?
But, though Mr. Lung's later works, such as those on method of historical studies, political and ideological history of the pre-Qin days, as well as those on Mohism, Buddhism and Tao Yuanming, were motivated by his personal inclination, can the same be said of his younger days when he was a pupil chanting ancient Chinese books under a private tutor? Was he motivated by his personal inclination while learning to write stereotyped essays and poems prescribed for the imperials civil service examinations?

要點：
1，“驅(qū)使”譯為motivate,它的同義詞還有impel,prompt,propel等
2，“從師受業(yè)，誦讀典籍”譯為when he was a pupil chanting ancient Chinese books under a private tutor，其中a pupil。。。under a private teacher表示“從師授業(yè)”，private turtor意為‘私塾的老師’, chanting ancient Chinese book表示“誦讀典籍”3，“試帖詩”為科舉考試所采用的詩體，現(xiàn)和八股文（科舉考試所特定的文體）一并譯為stereotyped essays and poems prescribed for the imperials civil service examinations~（即科舉考試所特定的詩體和文體）

綜述：涉及中國文化的詞匯，乍一看不太好翻，理解意思之后就好說了~

聲明：本雙語文章的中文評析系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文評析僅代表作者個人觀點，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。