離別Parting Sorrows

鄭振鐸Zheng Zhenduo

| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選一》

別了，我愛的中國，我全心愛著的中國，當(dāng)我倚在高高的船欄上，見著船漸漸的離岸了，船與岸間的水面漸漸的闊了，見著了許多親友揮著白巾，揮著帽子，揮著手，說著Adieu, adieu!聽著鞭炮劈劈拍拍的響著，水兵們高呼著向岸上的同伴告別時(shí)，我的眼眶是潤濕了，我自知我的淚點(diǎn)己經(jīng)滴在眼鏡面了，鏡面是模糊了，我有一種說不出的感動(dòng)!
Farewell, China, my beloved homeland! Leaning over the high railing, I watched the ship tearing itself away slowly from the shore, leaving a widening expanse of water in between. Many relatives and friends of mine were waving their hats and white handkerchiefs amidst shouts of "Adieu,adieu!” firecrackers were crackling and spluttering,and sailors shouting goodbye to their buddies on the shore. I was seized with violent emotion, tears welling up in my eyes and blurring my eyeglasses.

要點(diǎn)：
1，題目《離別》譯為Parting Sorrows，不僅表示告別，且同時(shí)把離愁別緒也作了交代。如譯為Parting from homeland或Farewell to China似缺乏內(nèi)涵。題目的翻譯再一次說明文學(xué)選詞的精準(zhǔn)以及兼顧詞語的感情色彩~
2，“當(dāng)我倚在高高的船欄上，見著船漸漸的離岸了，船與岸間的水面漸漸的闊了”多動(dòng)詞句~主要?jiǎng)釉~是“看”，所以lean處理為非謂語（伴隨狀語）~譯為Leaning over the high railing, I watched the ship tearing itself away slowly from the shore, leaving a widening expanse of water in between.
3，“離開”譯為tear away(有撕開，勉強(qiáng)離開之意), 其中tear itself away也可用moving away表達(dá)，但缺乏惜別的感情色彩。
4，“看見船漸漸離岸”和“船與岸間的水面漸漸的闊了”注意這里的兩個(gè)“漸漸”都以進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表現(xiàn)了出來，這是翻譯中常見的手法
5，amidst意為”在…之中“，可以用來表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：He and Jacqueline rode into the city amidst unending cries of " Viva Kennedy" and a pink snowstorm of confetti.
他和杰奎琳在無休止的“肯尼迪萬歲”的呼聲和向他們擲來的一陣陣粉紅色的紙屑中驅(qū)車進(jìn)入市區(qū)。
6，well up是表示“眼眶濕潤，熱淚盈眶“的“專業(yè)人士“，如：And he looked at me, and I smiled, and then I saw the tears start welling up in his eyes.（他看著我，然后我微笑，然后我看到他眼中開始盈滿淚水。）

綜述：本段知識(shí)點(diǎn)幾乎都是散文翻譯中常見常用的~拿起筆來

船慢慢的向前駛著，沿途見了停著的好幾只灰色的白色的軍艦。不，那不是懸著我們國旗的，它們的旗幟是“紅日"，是“藍(lán)白紅"，是“紅藍(lán)條交叉著”的聯(lián)合旗，是有“星點(diǎn)紅條”的旗!
While the ship was steering ahead slowly, I saw on the way many warships in gray or white lying at anchor and fly flags other than our national ones. They were flying the red sun, the tricolour, the union jack or the stars and stripes.

要點(diǎn)：1，譯文：I saw on the way many warships in gray or white lying at anchor and fly flags other than our national ones.是將第一句的后半句“沿途見了停著的好幾只灰色的白色的軍艦”和第二句的前半句“不，那不是懸著我們國旗的”合在一起翻譯的結(jié)果，體現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比
2，“紅日”指日本國旗，譯為the red sun，后面未加flag，是為了配合造句。否則也可譯為the sun flag或the rising-sun flag。
“藍(lán)白紅”指法國國旗，英語中常以the tricolour:來表達(dá)。
“‘紅藍(lán)條交叉著’的聯(lián)合旗”指英國國旗，英語中以the union jack或the union flag表達(dá)。
“‘星點(diǎn)紅條’的旗“即美國國旗，英語中稱之為the stars and stripes .
以上原文中以旗幟上的圖案來代指國家，直譯并不影響理解，因此翻譯時(shí)宜根據(jù)原文來翻譯，還能保留原作風(fēng)格~
3，fly后加flag表示可表“懸掛“，如果flag在前，則表示”飄揚(yáng)“，如：After the invasion, people were forbidden to fly their national flag.(淪陷后，民眾被禁止懸掛他們的國旗)

綜述：在翻譯各國旗幟時(shí)，如直接譯為國名，原文神韻將全無

兩岸是黃土和青草，再過去是兩條的青痕，再過去是地平線上的幾座小島山，海水滿盈盈的照在夕陽之下，浪濤如頑皮的小童似的踴躍不定。水面上現(xiàn)出一片的金光。別了，我愛的中國，我全心愛著的中國!
The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass receded into two greenish strips until they became some mere islets on the horizon. The waters of the sea glistened under the setting sun and kept leaping like romping urchins. The water surface was a vast expanse of gold. Farwell, China, my beloved homeland!

要點(diǎn)：
1，“兩岸是黃土和青草，再過去是兩條的青痕，再過去是地平線上的幾座小島山“譯為The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass receded into two greenish strips until they became some mere islets on the horizon.本句意為”滿是黃土和青草的兩岸變?yōu)榍嗪?，到最后他們變成了幾座小島山“其中”再過去“可理解為”由前一個(gè)事物逐漸褪變?yōu)榱硪粋€(gè)“
2，beloved意為“親愛的，鐘愛的，摯愛的“或”心愛之人“如：You know, beloved, as the whole world knows, how much I have lost in you.（我愛，你一定知道，正如全世界都知道的一樣，你于我是多么重要。）
男童鞋們學(xué)起來?。?！

綜述：像這種有些“啰嗦”的語句，注意精簡語言，不要扣字

我不忍離了中國而去，更不忍在這大時(shí)代中放棄每人應(yīng)做的工作而去(9)，拋棄了許多親愛的勇士在后面，他們是正用他們的血建造著新的中國，正在以純摯的熱誠，爭斗著，奮擊著。我這樣不負(fù)責(zé)任的離開了中國，我真是一個(gè)罪人!
I cannot find it in my heart to leave China, much less during these stormy times when I have to abandon my bounden duty and leave behind so many dear brave fighters一men who are building a new China with their own blood and struggling and battling in all earnest. To quit China at this moment means to dodge my responsibility and that makes me feel very guilty indeed!

要點(diǎn)：
1，“我不忍離了中國而去”譯為I cannot find it in my heart to leave Chins，其中to find it in one's heart to do…是成語，作“忍心做……”、“意欲……”解。此句也可譯為I cannot bear to leave China .相較于want更有感情色彩
2, “更不忍在這大時(shí)代中放棄每人應(yīng)做的工作而去”譯為much less during these stormy times when I have to abandon my bounden duty，much less=still less意為”更不用說“
3, “這大時(shí)代”按內(nèi)涵譯為these stormy times未按字面育譯為the great times. stormy有“群情激憤的“含義
4，“我真是一個(gè)罪人“= that makes me feel very guilty indeed，其中，criminal,guilty 這兩個(gè)形容詞均表示犯罪的之意 criminal:側(cè)重指某種行為是違犯法律的,因而應(yīng)受到懲罰.His criminal record weighed heavily against him (with the jury).（陪審團(tuán)）（認(rèn)為他的前科關(guān)系重大.） guilty:主要指某種行為違反道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

綜述：注意在翻譯“不忍”“大時(shí)代”時(shí)，要根據(jù)上下文深刻理解其本質(zhì)哦~

然而我終將在這大時(shí)代中工作著的，我終將為中國而努力，而呈獻(xiàn)了我的身，我的心;我別了中國，為的是求更好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，求更好的奮斗工具。暫別了，暫別了,在各方面爭斗著的勇士們，我不久即將以更勇猛的力量加入你們當(dāng)中了。
Nevertheless, I shall eventually answer the call of the times and devote myself heart and soul to my motherland. I am parting from China acquire more experience and search for better ways of struggle. Dear brave fighters of every field, I shall be separated from you only for the present and will soon return to join your ranks with redoubled strength.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“我終將在這大時(shí)代中工作著的，我終將為中國而努力，而呈獻(xiàn)了我的身，我的心“譯為I shall eventually answer the call of the times and devote myself heart and soul to my motherland，本句中出現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)分句結(jié)構(gòu)相同，合二為一~
2，“暫別了，暫別了”譯為I shall be separated from you only for the present，其中“暫時(shí)的”譯為for the present,也可譯為for the time being~
3，“更勇猛的”意思是“比原來更強(qiáng)的”此處譯為redoubled，意為“雙倍的，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)的”，形象貼切~

綜述：句式并不難，注意重復(fù)的部分即可~

當(dāng)我歸來時(shí)，我希望這些懸著“紅日”的，“藍(lán)白紅”的，有“星點(diǎn)紅條”的，“紅藍(lán)條交叉著”的一切旗幟的白色灰色的軍艦都己不見了，代替它們的是我們的可喜愛的懸著我們的旗幟的偉大的艦隊(duì)。
On my return, I hope, I shall see no more gray or white warships plying our territorial waters with flags of the red sun, the tricolour, the union jack or the stars and stripes. I hope I shall see instead our lovely great fleet flying our national colours.

如果它們那時(shí)還沒有退去中國海，還沒有為我們所消滅，那末，來，勇士們，我將加入你們的隊(duì)中，以更勇猛的力量，去壓迫它們，去毀滅它們!
Dear brave fighters, if the foreign warships by that time still hang on their presence in our territorial waters, I will join you to do my bit in getting rid of them. That is my pledge!

這是我的誓言!
That is my pledge!

別了，我愛的中國，我全心愛著的中國!
Farewell, China, my beloved homeland!

要點(diǎn)：
1，“白色灰色的軍艦都己不見了”譯為I shall see no more gray or white warships plying our territorial waters，其中plying（往返于） our territorial waters屬于增譯，原文沒有明確表示，但譯出來會(huì)使行文更加明確，從這里可以看出，增譯也不是異想天開的哦~
2，“如果它們那時(shí)還沒有退去中國海”譯為if the foreign warships by that time still hang on their presence in our territorial waters，其中hang on to意為“抓住不放”“不肯放棄”；presence有“勢(shì)力”“存在”的含義~

翻譯解析：
鄭振鐸(1898-1958是我國現(xiàn)代作家，學(xué)者。他于1927年8月乘船遠(yuǎn)離祖國，前往法國巴黎和英國倫敦游學(xué)，1929年10月歸國?！峨x別》一文寫于這一時(shí)期，內(nèi)分三部分，其中第一部分抒發(fā)即將去國的志士情環(huán)。

聲明：本雙語文章的中文評(píng)析系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文評(píng)析僅代表作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。