紐約十大綽號(hào)，你知道幾個(gè)？>>

1. Big Apple
1. 大蘋(píng)果

The Big Apple actually began as a way to refer to the horse-racing circuit of New York City. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), it was used in the early 20th century to refer to 'something regarded as the most significant of its kind'. Soon, the term was being used with reference to the city itself. In 1970, the popularity of the term exploded, though, when it was part of a campaign led by Charles Gillett of the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau.
實(shí)際上大蘋(píng)果最初是紐約城內(nèi)賽馬路線(xiàn)的代稱(chēng)。據(jù)牛津英語(yǔ)詞典的說(shuō)法，它在20世紀(jì)初期用來(lái)指代“被認(rèn)為至關(guān)重要的某類(lèi)事物”。很快它就與紐約城本身聯(lián)系起來(lái)了。1970年，紐約觀(guān)光局局長(zhǎng)查爾斯·吉列特開(kāi)展了一系列以“大蘋(píng)果”為主題的城市宣傳活動(dòng)，這才使得該表達(dá)極為流行。

2. Broadway
2. 百老匯

Broadway, which figures into the dreams of every high school theater buff, refers specifically to the cluster of theaters on or close to Broadway in midtown Manhattan near Times Square, but more allusively to show business at large. It's sometimes known as the 'Great White Way' due to the brilliant street illuminations and signage.
百老匯是每位高中戲劇迷做夢(mèng)都想去的地方。它特指曼哈頓中城區(qū)百老匯大街和時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)那一帶的劇場(chǎng)區(qū)，不過(guò)百老匯更多地暗指整個(gè)演藝界。有時(shí)它因街區(qū)燈火闌珊、廣告牌璀璨而被稱(chēng)為“不夜街”。

3. Empire City (and State)
3. 帝國(guó)城（和帝國(guó)州）

References to the empire city and the empire state – referring to New York and New York City's prominent reputations – date back to the first half of the 19th century. In recent years, the term Empire State has seen some lift thanks in part to Jay-Z, whose song with Alicia Keys, 'Empire State of Mind', was a #1 Billboard hit in 2009.
帝國(guó)城與帝國(guó)州分別道出了紐約州和紐約城的顯赫名聲，它們能追溯到19世紀(jì)上半葉。近年來(lái)，帝國(guó)州這一名稱(chēng)被提及的次數(shù)又有所增加，這還多虧了那首2009年登上美國(guó)Billboard榜首的歌——由美國(guó)嘻哈天王Jay-Z與艾麗西亞·凱斯合唱的《帝國(guó)之心》。

4. Murderers' Row
4. 殺手列陣

New York City, it turns out, has played host to both a literal and a figurative murderers' row. The first instance of murderers' row refers to the row of cells in a prison, originally in NYC's Tombs Prison, in which condemned murderers or other violent criminals are held. The figurative use of murderers' row comes from baseball slang, meaning a 'group of powerful hitters batting in succession for a particular team', notably the New York Yankees of the 1920s, which included Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig.
事實(shí)證明，無(wú)論是字面意義上，還是引申來(lái)講，紐約城均是殺手列陣的駐扎點(diǎn)。頭個(gè)殺手列陣原指紐約城的墓地監(jiān)獄里關(guān)押死刑犯或其他暴力罪犯的囚牢。而其引申義則是棒球俗語(yǔ)，意為“接連為某支隊(duì)伍效力的一群實(shí)力派擊球手”，正像20世紀(jì)20年代家喻戶(hù)曉的紐約洋基隊(duì)中，隊(duì)員包括貝比·魯斯和盧?賈里格。

5. Tin Pan Alley
5. 錫盤(pán)巷

Not actually referring to an alley or a street, Tin Pan Alley was the name given to a district in New York City, around Broadway and 28th Street, where many songwriters, arrangers, and music publishers were based. Some of the most noted composers of popular music during the first half of the 20th century worked here, including Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, George Gershwin, Cole Porter, and Richard Rodgers. The term tin pan comes from slang referring to a cheap, 'tinny' piano, with reference to the constant piano-playing heard in the area.
Tin Pan Alley并非真的指一條小巷或街道，而是紐約城百老匯街道和第28號(hào)街附近區(qū)域的名字。那兒是眾多歌曲作家、樂(lè)曲改編者和音樂(lè)版權(quán)管理人的聚集地。在20世紀(jì)上半葉，一些聲名鼎沸的流行音樂(lè)作曲家都在這工作，其中包括歐文·柏林、杰羅姆·克恩、喬治·格什溫、科爾·波特以及理查德·羅杰斯?！板a盤(pán)”原是指代廉價(jià)劣質(zhì)鋼琴的俗語(yǔ)，和這一區(qū)域中經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到的鋼琴演奏相關(guān)連。

6. Upstate
6. （美國(guó)一州遠(yuǎn)離大城市的）邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)

In no US state does the word upstate carry so much of a connotation as in New York. In the state of New York, everything that is not New York City is sometimes referred to as upstate. In fact, quips about the Bronx being 'upstate' are heard so frequently as to count as a clichéd joke. The OED notes that the term is frequently used with reference to the New York state.
美國(guó)沒(méi)有哪個(gè)州比紐約更能在upstate一詞上承載如此多的內(nèi)涵了。在紐約州，有時(shí)人們會(huì)把紐約城外的一切稱(chēng)作是upstate。實(shí)際上，像“布朗克斯區(qū)位列紐約城內(nèi)的邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)”這樣的俏皮話(huà)被人說(shuō)得如此頻繁，現(xiàn)在都可算作是老掉牙的玩笑了。牛津英語(yǔ)詞典標(biāo)注著，upstate這詞經(jīng)常被用于介紹紐約州。

7. Wall Street
7. 華爾街

Though there is an actual 'Wall Street' in the downtown financial district of New York City, Wall Street is generally used today as a metonym for the wider world of American finance. In American politics, the term is sometimes used as the metaphorical counterpart of 'Main Street', referring both to small towns and small business interests.
盡管紐約城市中心的金融區(qū)的確有條街名為“華爾街”，但是華爾街如今通常被用來(lái)指代更廣闊的美國(guó)金融世界。在美國(guó)政治這一范疇，“華爾街”有時(shí)被賦予的隱喻義，與代表小城鎮(zhèn)和小企業(yè)利益的“商業(yè)街”（Main Street）相對(duì)立。

8. Madison Avenue
8. 麥迪遜大街

Another famous street in New York City, Madison Avenue became well known as the center of the advertising business in the US, and has since been used, like Wall Street, as a metonym for the US advertising business at large. The term 'mad men', a punning blend of 'Madison Avenue' and 'ad men', was popularized by the AMC television show Mad Men.
麥迪遜大街是紐約城內(nèi)又一條聞名的街道，它作為美國(guó)的廣告行業(yè)中心而廣為人知。就像華爾街一樣，麥迪遜大街被人提及時(shí)，通常指美國(guó)的廣告業(yè)。而AMC的電視節(jié)目《廣告狂人》捧紅了‘mad men’這一表達(dá)，它是將“麥迪遜大街”與“廣告人”相結(jié)合，具有雙關(guān)的意味。

9. Ground Zero
9. 世貿(mào)大廈遺址

Although the term ground zero existed beforehand – referring to the 'point on the earth's surface directly above or below an exploding nuclear bomb' – it quickly came into use to refer to the site of the former World Trade Center following the terrorist attacks on September, 11 2001. In extended use, the term has been used to refer to any site of devastation, disaster, or attack.
盡管ground zero這一表達(dá)先前就有，它意指“爆炸的核彈正上方或正下方的地球表面落點(diǎn)”。但在2001年9月11號(hào)的恐怖襲擊后，它很快便用來(lái)指代世貿(mào)中心遺址。這個(gè)詞組若引申來(lái)用，可以指任何遭受破壞、災(zāi)難或攻擊的地點(diǎn)。

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