二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析

形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個(gè)名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時(shí),也要求考生對其細(xì)微差異做出準(zhǔn)確判定。名詞常在用途和數(shù)量上有所區(qū)分。例如:英語中的license (執(zhí)照,許可證) 和certificate (證書,證明),前者是許可某人從事某種職業(yè)的證書,而后者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經(jīng)做過某事的證書,還有:incident (有歷史意義的事件,插曲),event (重大事件,體育比賽的賽事),affair (時(shí)事,要事),emergency (緊急事件)。數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是區(qū)分英語名詞的關(guān)鍵,因?yàn)槊~最大的特點(diǎn)就在于其可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的劃分。例如:work不可數(shù)意義是工作,變成復(fù)數(shù)works 則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時(shí)練習(xí)中,考生應(yīng)培養(yǎng)進(jìn)一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習(xí)慣,并了解單詞背后的文化蘊(yùn)涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors. "They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,"officials say. "They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.

1. A) facilities B) instrumentsC) implements D) appliances

2. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery
[解析]1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個(gè)名詞都含"工具,器械"的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區(qū)分它們的異同。instrument 指"用于精細(xì)工作或科學(xué)技術(shù)的工具"；implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械", 尤指"較簡單的農(nóng)田或園藝工具"；appliance特指"家用電器"；facility 常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式表示"設(shè)施"。故得出正確選項(xiàng)A),bathing facilities,洗澡設(shè)施。此外,表示"設(shè)施,工具"的其他近義詞還有:equipment (軍用裝備,野營用具) ,apparatus (一整套相連的設(shè)施) ,device (專門用途的設(shè)施)等。

2題屬于完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個(gè)詞含義分別為:reservation"保留"；retreat"退卻,退避"；replacement"取代,代替"；re-covery"恢復(fù)"。由句意:對于成千上萬的幸存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復(fù)的,得出正確選項(xiàng)D)。