GRE難句結(jié)構(gòu)詳細(xì)剖析
一、GRE難句分類
GRE難句分為四大類:
第一類:復(fù)雜修飾成分
句子本不難,但是修飾成分多且長。1、從句(定語、狀語、同位語從句等等);2、介詞短語修飾;3、分詞修飾;4、不定式修飾。經(jīng)常是在同一個(gè)句子里既有從句又有介詞短語,且都不止一個(gè)。
例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.
翻譯:一個(gè)社會設(shè)計(jì)出來保存自己的方法得以形成來保持那個(gè)社會認(rèn)為最重要的一些方面。讀法:初級:讀出主謂賓來。分析:主語:The methods; 謂語:com into being;不定式to引導(dǎo)表示目的狀語。高級:直接讀,見后??疾槟芰Γ嚎疾榭忌拇竽X容量。
第二類:大段的插入與或同位語
打斷讀者的思路,割裂前后之間的語義,造成理解的困難。我們稱之為“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations,rather than representations, of reality.(LSAT)
讀法:初級:跳過插入語; 高級:直接讀;查查能力:大腦容量+抗干擾能力
第三類:倒裝
由于應(yīng)該放在句首的成分太長,因此倒裝到句末。也是一種人為現(xiàn)象。
例:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
讀法:需要經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練后才能按正常語序讀。
正常語序:
That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants that an individual will have and hence the sex ratio which maximize the number of gene copies transmitted will be favered。
高級讀法:直接讀,見后:考查能力:大腦的排序能力
第四類:省略
相對以上三種來講比較簡單,在短句中大家一般都可以看出。但是如果在長句中出現(xiàn),特別是如果與以上三種之一甚至幾種同時(shí)出現(xiàn),也會給同學(xué)們帶來很大的困難。如上例原句中的省略,在第二個(gè)the number of 前省略了"sex ration which maximizes".
二、GRE難句的典型結(jié)構(gòu)
1、長成分
1)長從句做主語、賓語及其他成分
a. 主語從句
b. 賓語從句
2)長狀語
3)層層修飾
4)并列成分
2、常見倒裝搭配
1)及物動詞加介詞:固定詞組的固定搭配中,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況,如:bring A to B,寫作:bring to B A
例:Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
類似的情況:throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
2)及物動詞加副詞
例:make possible …(單詞或者句子)
3、省略的幾種情況
1)重復(fù)的成分
2)讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的省略:如although (but)
3)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略which(that )
4)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和系動詞同時(shí)省略,變成后置定語
如:qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、短語被分割:
如:such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定:
如:Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .