梵高

Mar. 30th?is the birthday of one of the art world's most beloved outsiders, the iconic post-Impressionist whose melancholic spirit and rapturous paintings forever colored our notion of the "tortured artist." Yes, we're talking about Vincent van Gogh, a man whose life is as widely renowned as it is shrouded in mystery.
3月30日是藝術(shù)世界中一位令人深受愛(ài)戴的藝術(shù)家的生日，這位圖形派后印象主義畫家，他的抑郁精神和狂放風(fēng)格的繪畫作品在我們心中永久地留下了一個(gè)對(duì)“扭曲派藝術(shù)家”的概念。是的，我們談?wù)撹蟾?，他的人生聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)，同樣也如此神秘。
?
Was van Gogh really as unstable as he seemed? Are his paintings actually changing over time? And what's with the ear already? Now, on what would have been his 162nd birthday, we're exploring some of the theories and discoveries that continue to make van Gogh not only one of the most talented but one of the most beguiling artists of all time.
梵高真的就像他看起來(lái)那么的善變嗎？他的畫作真的會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而改變嗎？他的耳朵到底是怎么了？現(xiàn)在，在他的第162個(gè)生日之際，我們來(lái)探索一下那些使梵高不僅成為最具天賦的畫家，同時(shí)也一直是一個(gè)獨(dú)具魅力的畫家的理論和發(fā)現(xiàn)。

最后的晚餐

He may have hidden "The Last Supper" in one of his paintings.
他可能把“最后的晚餐”藏在了他其中一幅畫作中。

On the surface, van Gogh's "Cafe Terrace at Night" seems to depict a group of nondescript patrons socializing at a cafe.?
從表面上看，梵高的作品“夜間露天咖啡座”似乎在描述一群平凡無(wú)奇的老顧客在咖啡店里的社交活動(dòng)。

However, according to researchers like Jared Baxter, the moonlit scene may actually be a work of religious symbolism, a subtle nod to Leonardo da Vinci's "The Last Supper."
然而，根據(jù)像Jared Baxter這樣調(diào)查者的描述，其中的月光場(chǎng)景可能就是一種宗教象征，一種和達(dá)芬奇“最后的晚餐”的微妙契合。

星空

His work may have accurately rendered one of the most complex scientific principles in history.
他的作品可能準(zhǔn)確地描繪出歷史中其中一個(gè)最復(fù)雜的科學(xué)理論。

"When I meet God, I am going to ask him two questions: Why relativity? And why turbulence? I really believe he will have an answer for the first," the 20th century German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg famously said.
20世紀(jì)德國(guó)物理理論學(xué)家維爾納·海森堡曾說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我遇見(jiàn)上帝的時(shí)候，我將問(wèn)他兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：為什么有相對(duì)性？為什么又有動(dòng)蕩性？我堅(jiān)信他會(huì)給我第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。”
?
Turbulence, for the not-so-scientifically literate, is a wildly complex theory that still has many scientists baffled. It also happens to be a theory best visualized by swirling patterns reminiscent of van Gogh's painted atmospheres, specifically those in works like "Starry Night."
動(dòng)蕩性，作為一種不太合乎科學(xué)的文學(xué)，是一種令很多科學(xué)家感到困惑的復(fù)雜理論。但它也恰好是最能夠通過(guò)梵高作品中那些旋渦式的圖形而直觀起來(lái)的理論，尤其是像“星空”這樣的作品。
?
Some theorize that at times of turmoil in his life, such as his stay in a mental asylum, van Gogh somehow tapped into the artistic side of the scientific theory. Watch the video above for more details.
其中一些理論是在梵高那些混亂的人生階段中建立起來(lái)的，比如他在精神病院的那段時(shí)間，梵高在某種程度上將在藝術(shù)的邊界上挖掘出了科學(xué)的理論。

向日葵

His sunflowers were probably mutants.
他的向日葵也許是變異體。

Did you ever notice that van Gogh's iconic sunflowers don't look like the ones you've passed by on road trips? That's because, according to researchers like John Burke of the University of Georgia, van Gogh was not painting your standard sunflower, but rather variants holding a single mutant gene, thus resembling "wooly, chrysanthemum-like" flowers, reminiscent of "fuzzy pom-poms stuck on sunflower stems."
你是否注意過(guò)梵高的向日葵和你在路邊看到的不太一樣？根據(jù)喬治亞大學(xué)研究者John Burke的發(fā)現(xiàn)，梵高并沒(méi)有在畫你們所認(rèn)識(shí)的向日葵，而是在畫一個(gè)變異種的向日葵，所以看起來(lái)像一些毛茸茸的菊花樣的花，讓人聯(lián)想到一戰(zhàn)時(shí)那機(jī)關(guān)炮打在了向日葵的莖上。

梵高

?
He may have been colorblind.
他也許是個(gè)色盲。

Did van Gogh have trouble perceiving reddish tones? According to Kazunori Asad, a Japanese vision expert, the answer to this question might explain Vincent's cool-heavy color palette and rough style.?
梵高對(duì)微紅色系的感知有障礙嗎？一位日本視覺(jué)專家Kazunori Asad說(shuō)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案也許可以解釋梵高畫作中慣用的冷色系和狂放的風(fēng)格。

Asad developed an app titled "Chromatic Vision Simulator," which simulates the experience of particular kinds of color blindness, including van Gogh's possible protanopia. "
Asad 開(kāi)發(fā)了一款名為“色覺(jué)模擬器”的應(yīng)用，它可以模擬梵高可能患有的紅色盲癥在內(nèi)的特定色盲癥患者的體驗(yàn)，也包括梵高可能患有的紅色盲癥。

梵高

He may not have chopped off his own ear.
他可能沒(méi)有割掉自己的耳朵。

We know, we know. How do we even begin to comprehend a world in which van Gogh that didn't cut off his own ear and deliver it to a lady named Rachel?
我們知道，我們知道。假設(shè)梵高沒(méi)有割掉自己的耳朵并給了一個(gè)叫瑞秋的女人，我們又是如何開(kāi)始去理解在這個(gè)世界里的梵高的。
?
Well, Hamburg-based historians Hans Kaufmann and Rita Wildegans insist that Vincent van Gogh may have made the whole thing up to protect the real culprit, his friend Paul Gauguin, who could have chopped it off during an argument.?
然而，漢堡歷史學(xué)家Hans Kaufmann和Rita Wildegans堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為梵高可能掩蓋了事實(shí)去為真正的罪犯辯護(hù)，就是他的朋友保羅·高更，也許是在他們的一次爭(zhēng)執(zhí)中割掉了梵高的耳朵。
?
Evidence backing this claim includes a letter van Gogh wrote to Gauguin, which reads: "I will keep quiet about this and so will you."
支撐這一說(shuō)法的證據(jù)來(lái)源于一封梵高寫給高更的信，信上說(shuō)：“我將會(huì)保守秘密，你也是?！?/div>

梵高

He may not be as manic as the legends assert.
他也許并沒(méi)有如傳言中那么躁狂。

Although his reputation paints him as an impetuous creative, many historians believe van Gogh was more traditional and analytic than he's often thought to be.?
盡管他的聲譽(yù)是以一個(gè)魯莽的創(chuàng)意人士而打造，但很多歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為梵高比通常人們印象中更傳統(tǒng)更理性。
?
For example, his iconic "Bedroom" is known now for the jarring contrast between the blue walls and yellow floors, yielding a dizzying and somewhat dark effect.?
比如說(shuō)，他的作品“臥室”是以藍(lán)色墻壁和黃色地面的不和諧反差而被人所知，產(chǎn)生一種令人眼花繚亂和一些憂郁的效果。
?
However, researchers discovered the blue paint was originally more of a violet, which was both a traditional foil to yellow and a calmer hue in general.
然而，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的藍(lán)色更接近紫羅蘭色，是黃色的傳統(tǒng)搭配，色彩度從總體上也顯得更平靜。

梵高

He might have been murdered.
他也許是被謀殺的。

Although the most well-known narrative of Van Gogh's life ends with suicide, soe argue that it was in fact murder that brought about the artist's untimely death at 37 years old.?
盡管最廣為流傳的說(shuō)法是梵高死于自殺，但特殊行動(dòng)執(zhí)行局說(shuō)事實(shí)上是一起謀殺結(jié)束了這位年僅37歲的藝術(shù)家。
?
For one, evidence purports that he shot himself in the midsection, and then walked for a mile back to his room afterwards, a rather unlikely scenario.?
一方面，跡象表明他射擊了自己的上腹部，然后又走了一英里回到自己的房間，這幾乎是個(gè)不可能的情形。
?
It could be van Gogh's?skyrocketing?celebrity and?persona?as a tortured soul that allowed the ruling of suicide to slip by with very little physical support and no indication that van Gogh wanted his life to end.
有可能是梵高名聲鵲起和他以擁有扭曲靈魂的人物角色，才讓他的自殺消息在還幾乎還沒(méi)有得到生理檢查時(shí)就不脛而走，并且沒(méi)有跡象表明梵高想結(jié)束他的生命。
?

梵高

His paintings are slowly turning white.
他的畫作逐漸在向白色調(diào)發(fā)展。

Van Gogh took a particular liking to one of the first synthetically-made paints, manufactured from red lead, or plumbonacrite. Sadly, the material doesn't hold up well, causing bold colors including red to degrade rapidly when exposed to light. ?
梵高對(duì)其中一幅綜合色調(diào)的畫作情有獨(dú)鐘，由紅鉛和白鉛繪制而成。不幸的是，材料的粘附性不是很強(qiáng)，一些包括紅色在內(nèi)的深色一旦暴露在陽(yáng)光中就迅速褪色。
?
Francesca Casadio, a scientist with the Art Institute of Chicago, explained: "We have known for some time that some of the pigments that van Gogh used alter with time. But honestly I was quite surprised to find that the red lead, the mineral pigment that typically is considered relatively stable, also failed him."
芝加哥藝術(shù)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家Francesca Casadio解釋說(shuō)：“我們已經(jīng)對(duì)梵高在不同時(shí)期使用的一些顏料有了了解。但說(shuō)實(shí)話讓我很驚訝的是，像紅鉛這樣的按理說(shuō)非常穩(wěn)定的礦物顏料，也同樣讓他失敗?！?/div>