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1. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated,to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength,infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface,radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)

雖然這些分子允許可見波長(visible wavelength)的輻射——陽光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會吸收某些較長波長(longer-wavelength)，亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射(infrared emission)，這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會被重新輸送回太空。

難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞

解釋：前面的分句中有一個不算很長的插入語，但是因為它插入的位置正好在固定搭配allow something to do somthing中間，將allow和to分得很遠，所以讀起來讓人感覺很不舒服。

后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的同位語。其中的otherwise是副詞作狀語，表示如果后面的分句所說的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength, infrared emissions不發(fā)生時的后果。

意群訓(xùn)練：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface,radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.

2. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints—ways of　feeling,thinking,and acting that　"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)

這些人類學(xué)家所歸諸于生物進化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細(xì)節(jié)，而是將各種限制強加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動方式。

難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略

解釋：盡管我們很熟悉the role of something的這種表達，但本句中the role of被作者勝利很活。首先，在role后面有一個省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句(因為role在從句中作ascribe的賓語)，這樣就把role和系動詞is隔得很遠。其次，but前面的句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)The role is not of doing something其實是The role is not the role of doing something的省略形式，因為后面的the role與前面的完全重復(fù)，如果不把它省略掉，誰看到都要覺得啰嗦。因為同樣的道理，but之后的one of imposing constraints實際上是is one role of imposing constraints的省略形式。

意群訓(xùn)練：The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　 the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints— ways of　feeling, thinking,and acting that　"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.