口譯法寶之二:腦記大意,筆記細節(jié)
  
意群提升了我們的記憶單元,大大加強了我們對英語句子的把握。但是,光把握句子是不夠的,因為口譯的最終目標(biāo)是翻譯篇章,因此還牽涉到一個"長時記憶"和"短時記憶"的問題。長時記憶主要是指對整個語篇意思的整體把握,主要包括:各句子的主語、謂語和語篇的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。短時記憶是指對每個細節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確把握,主要包括:數(shù)字、時間、地點以及并列信息。可以毫不夸張地講,長時記憶是口譯的基礎(chǔ),而短時記憶是口譯的關(guān)鍵;前者用腦,后者用手;手腦并用,方能相得益彰。我們不妨來舉幾個例子:
  
1. Among 50,000 children aged 13 to 15 in 12 developing or transitional countries the finds are revealing: 24% of them had tried smoking, 9% they were current smokers. A quarter of those who smoked said they had started before they were 11 years old. It was really an encouraging fact that 68% of them said that they wanted to kick the habit. 雖然這段話只有62個單詞,但是其包含的信息量非常大,具體表現(xiàn)是數(shù)字多,平行的信息多。因此,我們應(yīng)該結(jié)合腦記和筆記。筆記部分可以交叉中英文,關(guān)鍵是抓住信息。
  
腦記部分:主題:關(guān)于吸煙狀況的研究發(fā)現(xiàn);整體結(jié)構(gòu):兩組數(shù)據(jù),有喜有憂。
  
筆記部分:50,000 aged13-15 12 developing/transitional countries
  
findings: 24% try smoking
9% current smokers
25% smokers start<11 // encouraging 68% kick

  
2. People are greeting the arrival of the new millennium, longing for peace, stability, happiness and success. But many watch it with distress, worry, misgivings and even terror. Indeed we are entering the new century laden with a multitude of unresolved issues left over from the 20th century. (47 words)
  
腦記部分:主題:進入新世紀(jì)的復(fù)雜心情以及現(xiàn)實。
  
筆記部分:新千年
  
人--long for: 平穩(wěn)、幸福、成功
  
但又:憂抑(distress, worry)、惶恐(misgivings, terror)
  
進入New Century--多issues from 20th Century
  
當(dāng)語篇信息密集且并列較多的時候,要盡量采用縱向記錄,提高記錄速度和分辨速度:
  
3.When the United States senate failed to pass a balanced budget amendment in 1995 the world's currency traders were panicked and started a run on the US dollar, which they believed was already undervalued at least 10% against the Japanese yen. At that time, the dollar fell from 106 yen to less than 80 yen in two weeks. The central banks of the United States, England, Germany, Japan, Switzerland and France, tried to reverse the trend but failed, losing billions in the attempt. It took the dollar more than a year to climb back to its original undervalued rate. (100 words)
  
腦記部分:美元對日元貶值,各國央行力圖挽救,未果。
  
筆記部分:當(dāng):1995 美參 平衡預(yù)算修正X
  
炒家 驚--拋$ ∵ $ v.s. yen 貶 10%
  
∴兩周 $ 106↓80
  
US
  
UK
  
Ger 央行 扭轉(zhuǎn) trend
  
Jap
  
Swis
  
Fran
  
But: X
  
& Bs loss
  
>1 yr.
  
$ 原低Rate v.s. yen
  
然后在腦記和筆記我們基礎(chǔ)上,這段話可以譯成:1995年美國參院沒能通過一項平衡預(yù)算的修正案許多國際(貨幣)炒家驚恐萬分,開始紛紛拋售美元,因為(他們)相信美元對日元已經(jīng)貶值達10%。于是,美元匯率在兩周內(nèi)從1:106下跌至1:80以下。美國、英國、德國、日本、瑞士、法國央行想扭轉(zhuǎn)美元的頹勢,但不僅沒成功還損失了幾十億。之后,美元匯率整整過了一年多才恢復(fù)到了原先對日元的低位。

要指出的是,做筆記不能簡單地依靠文字,而是要文字符號并用。雖然,這些符號因人而異,但有些是約定俗成的,學(xué)員們應(yīng)該熟練掌握。這些符號在《高級口譯教程》中都能找到,筆者在此不再贅述。特別提醒,要嫻熟地做到手腦并用并非一朝一夕,這需要大量的練習(xí),在"先知"教學(xué)時我一直遵循:政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育、科普,五大板塊,五十個段落--這一持之以恒的原則,可謂是受益匪淺。

內(nèi)容提供:

?