Climate change experts have released maps of the world revealing how prepared different countries are to cope with the effects of climate change.
最近，研究氣候變化的專家發(fā)布了幾張世界地圖，這些地圖顯示了不同的國家在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化影響方面的差異。

In the maps, 192 countries are ranked by their ‘vulnerability’ and ‘readiness’, to produce an overall judgement on their fate.
192個(gè)國家按照“脆弱程度”和“應(yīng)對(duì)程度”兩個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行排名，從地圖中可以得出這些國家將來命運(yùn)的整體判斷。

重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽老師主講）:

vulnerability [,v?ln?r?'b?l?t?]? n. 易損性；弱點(diǎn)

?{-vulner-, wound 創(chuàng)傷+ -ability 用于構(gòu)成名詞，意義相當(dāng)于-able，表示“能力，可能性，傾向性，適宜性”}

vulnerable ['v?ln(?)r?b(?)l]? adj. 易受攻擊的，易受~的攻擊；易受傷害的；有弱點(diǎn)的

The results reveal that Scandinavian countries and the UK are among the most likely to survive - but areas of sub-Saharan Africa will be hardest hit.
結(jié)果顯示，北歐國家以及英國是受氣候變化影響較小、最可能生存下來的國家，而撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地區(qū)則最容易受到氣候變化的影響。

The maps were created by London-based company The Eco Experts, using data from the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, known as the ND-Gain Index.
這些地圖是倫敦一家名為“生態(tài)專家”的公司根據(jù)印第安納州的諾特丹大學(xué)提出的氣候變化適應(yīng)指數(shù)繪制而成的。

They took into account location, terrain, pollution rates and national resources when calculating which countries would be most affected.
在計(jì)算哪些國家最容易受到氣候變化影響的過程中，他們考慮到了地理位置、地形、污染程度以及國家資源等多種因素。

重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽老師主講）:

terrain [t??re?n] ?n. 地形，地勢

? {terr-, terra 土地+ -ain = -an, of ~的}

terra ['ter?] ?n. 土地；地；地球

Countries like Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark score well on the scale.
其中，挪威、瑞典、芬蘭以及丹麥等國家的總得分較高。

But places like Central America, Africa and India all appear at risk from natural disaster - and are poorly equipped to cope, said The Eco Experts.
而中美洲、非洲及印度等地區(qū)相對(duì)更容易受到自然災(zāi)害的威脅，而且也缺乏有效的應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制。

Jon Whiting, of The Eco Experts warned: ‘Hurricanes, earthquakes, blizzards, droughts and flooding are all real dangers for some of these areas, and this is compounded by a lack of national strategy to counteract the effects.’
該公司的喬恩·懷廷警告說：“對(duì)以上地區(qū)來說，颶風(fēng)、地震、暴風(fēng)雪、干旱和洪水等都是切切實(shí)實(shí)可能發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害，更嚴(yán)重的是這些地區(qū)缺乏應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)難的策略?！?/div>

Burundi, Chad, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo produced some of the lowest scores, meaning these countries will be the biggest victims of weather disasters.
另外，布隆迪、乍得、蘇丹以及剛果民主主義共和國等非洲國家的得分最低，這意味著它們將有可能成為氣候變化所影響到的最大受害者。

The map is based on data compiled by the ND-Gain index, which has been monitoring 45 internal and external indicators of climate change exposure of 192 countries since 1992.
這份地圖都是根據(jù)氣候變化適應(yīng)指數(shù)編制的，這項(xiàng)指數(shù)自1992年起一直監(jiān)測著192個(gè)國家的受氣候變化影響的45個(gè)內(nèi)外部指標(biāo)。

重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽老師主講）:

indicator ['?nd?ke?t?]? n. 指示物；指標(biāo)

?｛indicat-, indicate + -or 表示人或物｝

indicate ['?nd?ke?t]? vt. 表明；指出；預(yù)示；象征 ｛in-, toward朝向 + -dic-, show, declare顯示，表明+ -ate, to make 表使動(dòng)｝cf. in the direction 朝～方向

The index is built on two variables; ‘vulnerability’ and ‘readiness’ for which a country gets a separate mark for each. These scores tally up to produce an overall total indicating how a particular nation would fare.
氣候變化適應(yīng)指數(shù)以“脆弱程度”和“應(yīng)對(duì)程度”兩個(gè)變量為基準(zhǔn)，分別計(jì)算每個(gè)國家在這兩個(gè)變量上的得分。然后將分?jǐn)?shù)加在一起得到總分，以此來表明該國的氣候變化適應(yīng)狀況。

On the scale, the country best equipped to cope with the effects of climate change was Norway. In fact, Norway has topped the ranking every year since the Index began in 1995.
經(jīng)過測量后發(fā)現(xiàn)，在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化影響方面做得最好的國家是挪威。事實(shí)上，從1995年開始使用氣候變化適應(yīng)指數(shù)計(jì)算總分以來，挪威一直是得分最高的。

‘Adaptation challenges still exist, but Norway is well positioned to adapt. Norway is the 4th least vulnerable country and the 5th most ready country,’ according to the ND-Gain Index website.
從氣候變化適應(yīng)指數(shù)的網(wǎng)站上可以看到，“適應(yīng)氣候的挑戰(zhàn)一直都存在，但是挪威在應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)方面做得最好。挪威在全球最不容易受到損害的國家中排名第四，而在全球應(yīng)對(duì)影響準(zhǔn)備最充分的國家中排名第五。”

Second was New Zealand, third was Sweden, fourth was Finland and fifth Denmark. The UK came in seventh, followed by the US in eighth. Lower down, Ireland came in 17th and Russia in 32nd.
總排名第二的是新西蘭，第三是瑞典，第四是芬蘭，第五是丹麥。英國排第七，美國排第八。再往下，愛爾蘭排第十七，俄羅斯排在第三十二。

At the bottom of the table Chad was deemed the country that would suffer the most from climate change.
排名在最后的有非洲的乍得，該國被認(rèn)為是受氣候變化影響最嚴(yán)重的國家。

‘It has both a great need for investment and innovations to improve readiness and a great urgency for action,’ said the site.
網(wǎng)站上稱，“該國需要在提高應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化影響方面加大投資規(guī)模與創(chuàng)新力度，并立即采取行動(dòng)?！?/div>

It was followed by Eritrea, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Central Africa Republic.
排在乍得之后的有厄立特里亞、布隆迪、剛果民主主義共和國以及中非共和國。

On the site, detailed factors for each country can be viewed. These include the projected change of cereal yields, access to reliable drinking water and vulnerability to heatwave hazards.
另外在該網(wǎng)站上還可以看到各國的細(xì)節(jié)因素，包括谷物產(chǎn)量的預(yù)期變化值、可飲用水的獲取狀況以及熱浪災(zāi)害的易損性等。